人体增强技术的伦理研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 01:35

  本文选题：人体增强技术 + 自由世界主义　； 参考：《东南大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：人体增强技术的问题是20世纪末伴随着现代生命科学技术的发展而凸显的具有较多伦理争议的社会现实问题,因其研究对象的特殊性与复杂性以及涉及到人类的切身生存和健康方面以及今后社会的发展方向等一系列重大且现实的问题,因此成为了目前各个领域专家和学者关注与热议的跨学科的前沿问题。对于人体增强技术的研究不仅仅是科学技术领域所要关注的问题,更是伦理道德领域所要重视的问题。人类对于由科学技术所引起的社会影响以及所造成的社会后果不仅负有道义上的责任也应该负有实践上的责任。为了能够有道德地生活与行动,因而亟需推进增强技术实践应用的伦理研究与探讨。本文将从原理、原论、原用三大向度对人体增强这个前沿问题进行伦理研究,主要包括为其提供原理性的支持,并进行原则性的辩护,最后需要对其进行价值引导,使其无论是在形而上的伦理层面,还是在形而下的实践层面都能够得到有效的辩护与合理的应用。人体增强技术的发展之所以引起一系列的争论与冲突,实质上是生命科学技术的“可行”与生命伦理的“应该”之间的深层矛盾与冲突的显现。因而对于人体增强技术的伦理研究不仅需要从形而上的理论层面对其进行深入剖析,通过对人体增强问题的理性审视,以及对生命科学技术发展的重新评估与规范,从形而上的哲学视角为其提供有效的理论依据和合乎伦理的基本原则和应用原则,进而有效地解决技术与伦理规范和道德价值之间的冲突；还需要从形而下的层面加强对人体增强技术具体实践应用的监管与控制,制定相应的政策与策略。通过“软”“硬”兼施,积极地面对并且采取有效措施去解决问题以及化解冲突与矛盾,真正把握与控制好人体增强技术的发展方向,使其真正造福于人类和社会。通过对人体增强技术进行整体性地把握,针对其引发的特殊伦理问题进行系统性地探索,以及对其进行后现代生命伦理学的理论辩护和合理的伦理原则的构建,从而确证人体增强技术的伦理未来。对于人体增强技术的发展与应用只有综合形而上的理论层面以及形而下的实践层面对其进行全面的考量与评估,才能既不影响人体增强技术积极正面效应的发挥,也能避免其消极负面影响的威胁；既不影响技术真正地造福于人类,也不会出现社会妨碍技术本身的发展与进步从而丧失更多新的机遇和可能性的现象。
[Abstract]:The problem of human body enhancement technology is a social realistic problem with many ethical disputes, which is highlighted by the development of modern life science and technology at the end of the 20th century. Because of the particularity and complexity of its research object and a series of important and realistic problems, such as the vital survival and health of human beings and the direction of social development in the future, Therefore, it has become a cross-disciplinary problem which is concerned and discussed by experts and scholars in various fields. The research of human enhancement technology is not only a problem to be paid attention to in the field of science and technology, but also a problem that should be paid attention to in the field of ethics and morality. Human beings have not only moral responsibility but also practical responsibility for the social impact caused by science and technology and its social consequences. In order to live and act morally, it is urgent to promote ethical research and discussion to enhance the practical application of technology. This article will carry on the ethics research from the principle, the primitive theory, the original three dimensions to the human body enhancement this frontier question, mainly includes provides the principle support for it, and carries on the principle defense, finally needs to carry on the value guidance to it. It can be effectively defended and applied in both metaphysical and practical aspects. The development of human enhancement technology causes a series of disputes and conflicts, which is essentially the deep contradiction and conflict between the "feasibility" of life science and technology and the "should" of life ethics. Therefore, the ethical research of human enhancement technology not only needs to be deeply analyzed from the metaphysical theoretical level, but also through the rational examination of the human body enhancement problem, as well as the re-evaluation and regulation of the development of life science and technology. From the perspective of metaphysical philosophy, it provides effective theoretical basis and ethical basic principles and application principles, and then effectively resolves the conflict between technology and ethical norms and moral values; It is also necessary to strengthen the supervision and control of the practical application of human enhancement technology from a formal level, and formulate corresponding policies and strategies. Through the combination of "soft" and "hard", we should actively face and take effective measures to solve problems, resolve conflicts and contradictions, truly grasp and control the development direction of human enhancement technology, and make it truly benefit human beings and society. Through the holistic grasp of human body enhancement technology, the special ethical problems caused by it are systematically explored, and the postmodern bioethics theory defense and reasonable ethical principles are constructed. Thus confirm the ethical future of human enhancement technology. The development and application of human enhancement technology can not affect the positive and positive effects of human enhancement technology unless it is comprehensively considered and evaluated at the theoretical and practical levels of metaphysics. It can also avoid the threat of its negative effects; neither does it affect the true benefits of technology to mankind, nor does society hinder the development and progress of technology itself, thus losing more new opportunities and possibilities.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：B82-057
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本文编号：2072165