澜沧江—湄公河流域跨界综合调度国际法制度建设研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 18:22

本文关键词：澜沧江—湄公河流域跨界综合调度国际法制度建设研究　出处：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：澜沧江-湄公河的国际合作法律机制研究始终是学界关注的热点话题。一直以来,流域各国对于如何利用和保护澜沧江-湄公河水资源存在明显的利益博弈,且因为互信的缺失和水资源功能价值理念的认知差异而无法实现全流域合作。特别是在不少人看来,水电建设与水生态保护,似乎成为了一对不可调和的矛盾。由于涉及诸多水利技术和专业问题,仅在国际法层面的讨论已经难以找到突破点。本文从相对中立的水利技术角度切入,考虑到流域上中游已有较大的总调节库容,引入了"江河综合调度"这个概念。在这一技术指导下所构建的合作机制,将是实现全流域水资源整体利益最优与各方共享平衡的最佳方式。本文就围绕澜沧江-湄公河的跨界综合调度,在法律合作机制层面进行构想,并希望通过技术与法律的互动来解决现有的问题。本文除绪论与结语外,主体共有四个部分组成。第一部分介绍了澜沧江-湄公河的自然概况以及水资源的利用现状和问题,并对流域各国在水资源利用与保护方面的诉求共识进行定位,以寻找到流域水资源全面深入合作的互信基础。第二部分则是对澜沧江-湄公河跨界江河综合调度的可行性研究。研究内容包含了国际水法理论的影响、现有开展的江河综合调度的实践、流域水利工程的规划与建设情况、流域现有重要合作机制的作用以及外部水政治关系带来的不确定性等几个方面。第三部分对澜沧江-湄公河跨界综合调度中可资借鉴的水资源国际合作法律条文和机制进行了梳理。这是考虑到当前的流域管理机构湄公河委员会缺乏足够权威性,相关协定也未能有效地发挥作用,因而需要从其它相对成功的水资源共享理念、路径或模式中获取经验。第四部分以中国主导下的新澜沧江-湄公河委员会为构想,并在此框架内就流域跨界综合调度中的调度需求和法律问题进行了详细论述分析。最后,本文根据综合调度的实际需要对现有湄公河委员会的组织架构和运行模式进行了调整和创新,特别要提到的是,新的流域管理机制将增设流域水资源综合调度局这一机构作为技术执行部门,该机构可按照协定取得调度权限,并依据综合调度方案直接下达各项调度指令,完成综合调度所设定的各项目标。
[Abstract]:The study of the legal mechanism of the Lancang Mekong's international cooperation has always been a hot topic of concern in the academic circles. All along, the basin countries for how to use and protect the Lancang Mekong River water resources are obvious and the interests of the game, because of the cognitive differences and lack of the concept of water resources value trust and cannot realize the whole basin cooperation. Especially in the view of many people, the hydropower construction and the water ecological protection seem to be an irreconcilable contradiction. As a result of many water technology and professional problems, it is difficult to find a breakthrough at the level of international law only. From the angle of relatively neutral water conservancy, this paper introduces the concept of "River Comprehensive Dispatching", considering the large total adjustment capacity of the middle reaches of the river basin. The cooperative mechanism under the guidance of this technology will be the best way to realize the balance of the overall interests of the whole basin water resources and the sharing of the parties. This paper will focus on cross-border integrated scheduling of Lancang Mekong River, the concept of cooperation mechanism in the legal level, and hope to solve the existing problems through the interaction between technology and law. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the main body consists of four parts. The first part introduces the natural conditions of Lancang Mekong River and the current situation and problems of water resources utilization, and the basin countries located in the pursuit of consensus on the use and protection of water resources in the foundation of mutual trust for river basin water resources comprehensive in-depth cooperation. The second part is the feasibility study of Lancang Mekong transboundary rivers comprehensive scheduling. The research contents include the influence of the international water law theory, the current practice of comprehensive river dispatching, the planning and construction of river basin water conservancy projects, the role of the existing important cooperation mechanisms in the drainage area, and the uncertainty brought by the external water political relations. The third part summarizes some reference for Lancang Mekong transboundary integrated scheduling of water resources in international law and cooperation mechanism. This is due to the lack of authority of the current Mekong River Committee of the watershed management institution, and the relevant agreements also fail to play an effective role. Therefore, we need to get experience from other relatively successful water resources sharing ideas, paths or patterns. In the fourth part, under the guidance of the new Chinese Lancang Mekong River Commission for the idea, and then within the framework of transboundary integrated scheduling and the scheduling requirements and legal issues in detail analysis. Finally, according to the actual needs of integrated scheduling adjustments and innovation of the existing MRC organization structure and mode of operation, in particular, a new watershed management mechanism will add integrated scheduling of Basin Water Resources Bureau of the organization as executive departments, the agency can obtain permission in accordance with the agreement and on the basis of scheduling. Comprehensive scheduling scheme directly issued the instruction, accomplish the goals set by the integrated scheduling.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D99

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