抽象危险犯问题研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 20:01

本文关键词：抽象危险犯问题研究　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近年来抽象危险犯在我国刑事立法上表现出一种扩张的趋势,从《刑法修正案(八)》增加危险驾驶罪、修改生产、销售假药罪的入罪标准到《刑法修正案(九)》增加一系列有关恐怖主义、极端主义的犯罪,都显示出抽象危险犯越来越受到立法者的青睐。抽象危险犯在刑事立法上的扩张,也受到刑法学界的高度关注。于是,刑法学界加快了对抽象危险犯问题的研究。但是关于抽象危险犯的诸多问题,理论界未达成一致的看法。这就导致抽象危险犯理论无法更好地服务司法实践。为了丰富抽象危险犯理论、实现其服务实践的作用,本文也尝试对抽象危险犯的相关问题进行研究。除了引言部分与结语部分之外,文章分四部分展开对抽象危险犯问题的研究,这四部分分别是:第一章,抽象危险犯理论概述。关于抽象危险犯的“抽象危险”,理论上有两种不同的观点,即站在行为无价值论立场的形式说与站在结果无价值论立场的实质说。文章持行为无价值论,对“抽象危险”采取形式说中的拟制危险性说。所以抽象危险犯的定义是指,只要行为人实施的特定行为符合构成要件的规定,即认定危险状态的存在,行为即构成犯罪既遂。关于抽象危险犯构成要件,文章主要论述了抽象危险犯的客体、客观方面和主观方面。客体即刑法所要保护的法益,不仅仅包括公共安全。客观方面仅包括危险行为,而不包括危险状态。危险行为包括作为与不作为。主观方面仅为故意,过失不属于抽象危险犯的罪过形式。第二章,抽象危险犯与相关术语的比较。文章主要论述了抽象危险犯与具体危险犯、行为犯和独立预备犯之间的区别。抽象危险犯与具体危险犯主要区别有三个方面:构成要件上的不同、举证证明上的差异、设立的根据不同。抽象危险犯属于行为犯,但行为犯的范围要明显大于抽象危险犯的范围。独立预备犯即预备行为实行化,也属于抽象危险犯,但不能说抽象危险犯是独立预备犯。第三章,抽象危险犯扩大化的正当性基础。文章首先论述了抽象危险犯在我国刑事立法上扩大化之表现。然后论述抽象危险犯扩大化的正当性基础,包括社会学基础与刑法学基础。社会学基础为风险社会。刑法学基础为维护社会秩序、保护重大法益、实现刑法积极一般预防功能、避免司法上对公害犯举证证明上的困难。第四章,抽象危险犯扩大化的合理限缩。文章从刑法的谦抑主义、刑事立法和刑事司法这三个方面展开对抽象危险犯扩大化的限缩。刑事立法上包括刑法设置轻刑化、创设特殊中止犯。刑事司法上包括最高人民法院统一作出抽象危险犯中具体犯罪适用的司法解释和“但书”与抽象危险犯。
[Abstract]:In recent years the abstract dangerous crime showed a trend of expansion in China's criminal legislation, from the "criminal law amendment (eight)" added the crime of dangerous driving, modify the production and sale of counterfeit crime crime standard to the "criminal law amendment (nine)" added a series of terrorism and extremism crime. Show the abstract dangerous crime is more and more favored by legislators. The expansion of abstract dangerous criminals in criminal legislation is also highly concerned by the criminal jurisprudence. Therefore, the criminal law circles have accelerated the study of the problem of the abstract dangerous offense. However, the theoretical circle has not reached a consensus on the many problems of the abstract dangerous offense. This leads to the theory that the theory of abstract dangerous criminals can not serve judicial practice better. In order to enrich the theory of abstract dangerous criminals and realize the function of their service practice, this paper also tries to study the related problems of the abstract dangerous criminals. Besides the introduction and epilogue, the article is divided into four parts to study the problem of abstract dangerous crime. The four parts are: the first chapter is the summary of the theory of abstract dangerous crime. There are two different views on abstract danger of abstract dangerous offense, that is, the form of standing on the standpoint of behavior worthless and the essence of standing on the standpoint of consequence. The article holds the theory of "valueless" and "abstract danger". Therefore, the definition of abstract dangerous crime means that as long as the specific behavior of a perpetrator conforms to the provisions of constitutive requirements, that is to say that the existence of dangerous state is a crime accomplished. The article mainly discusses the object, objective and subjective aspects of abstract dangerous criminals. The object is the legal benefit to be protected by the criminal law, not only the public security. The objective aspect includes only dangerous behavior, not the state of danger. Dangerous acts include action and inaction. The subjective aspect is only intentional, and the fault does not belong to the form of the crime of the abstract dangerous crime. The second chapter, the comparison of the abstract dangerous offense and the related terms. The article mainly discusses the difference between the abstract dangerous criminals and the specific dangerous offenders, the behavioral offenders and the independent preparatory offenders. There are three main differences between the abstract dangerous criminals and the specific dangerous offenders: the differences in the components, the differences in the proof of proof and the different basis for the establishment. Abstract dangerous offense belongs to the act offender, but the scope of the act offense is obviously larger than the scope of the abstract dangerous offender. The independent preparatory offender is the implementation of the preparatory act, and it is also an abstract dangerous criminal, but it can not be said that the abstract dangerous offender is an independent preparatory offender. The third chapter is the basis of the legitimacy of the expansion of the abstract dangerous offenders. The article first discusses the expression of the expansion of the abstract dangerous criminals in our country's criminal legislation. Then it discusses the legitimacy basis of the enlargement of the abstract dangerous offense, including the foundation of sociology and the criminal law. The foundation of sociology is a risk society. The foundation of criminal law is to maintain social order, protect major legal interests, achieve positive general preventive function of criminal law, and avoid judicial difficulties in proving public hazards. The fourth chapter, the rational limit of the expansion of abstract dangerous criminals. From the three aspects of the modesty of criminal law, criminal legislation and criminal justice, the article limits the limitation of the enlargement of the abstract dangerous offense. Criminal legislation includes the setting of criminal law and the creation of special suspended criminals. The criminal justice includes unified the Supreme People's court made a judicial interpretation of the abstract dangerous crime specific crime and apply the "proviso" and the abstract dangerous crime.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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