保理合同纠纷裁判实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-11 15:14

本文关键词：保理合同纠纷裁判实证研究　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：保理是一项以债权转让为条件获取融资的综合性金融业务。根据相关的理论与实践,可以从不同角度将保理区分为国际保理与国内保理、有追索权保理与无追索权保理、公开型保理与隐蔽型保理、银行保理与商业保理、单保理与双保理等不同类型。保理合同是债权人与保理商达成的有关基础合同项下应收账款债权转让、融资、应收账款催收、应收账款账户管理、坏账担保中的一项或多项事务的协议。相对于普通的债权转让合同而言,保理合同具有主体的多样性、客体的独特性、权利义务关系的复杂性以及形式的特定性等特征。我国保理业务起步较晚,尚无专门针对保理业务的立法与司法解释,加之保理纠纷案件的复杂性,这就导致了在司法实践中保理纠纷案件法律定性难、判决无法可依以及对案件法律事实的认识不统一等问题,这些因素共同导致了保理纠纷案件裁判标准不统一的司法困境。本文立足于这一实践问题,从最高人民法院裁判文书库选取了几个具有代表性意义的司法裁判实例,并结合保理合同的法理特征对之进行了实证分析,归纳出了保理合同纠纷案件的共性,提出了审理此类案件所应当遵循的裁判规则:首先,在保理合同法律关系的性质及案由的认定上,对于基础合同项下债权人以转让应收账款为对价从保理商处获得融资,保理商除提供融资以外,还提供应收账款催收、应收账款账户管理、坏账担保等综合性金融服务中的一项或多项的行为,应认定为保理合同法律关系,案由应确定为“保理合同”。其次,在保理合同当事人的诉讼地位与案件管辖权的认定上,应当与《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》中有关当事人诉讼地位和案件管辖的规定相一致。第三,在有追索权的保理合同中,应收账款出让人应向保理商承担应收账款到期未获清偿的责任;而在无追索权的保理合同中,则无需承担上述责任。第四,保理合同的应收账款转让纠纷与保理合同的担保合同纠纷不能合并审理。第五,在保理合同纠纷中债权转让通知效力的认定上,应以通知为债务人向保理商履行付款义务的要件,若债权人未履行通知义务,则保理合同仅具有对内效力。第六,若基础合同项下应收账款禁止转让,则保理合同无效。第七,基础合同项下债务人对债权人的抗辩可以直接向保理商主张。第八,在基础合同变更、无基础合同关系、虚构基础合同骗取融资等情形的处理上,应根据各方当事人的过错而区别对待。这些裁判规则既可以为我国保理合同纠纷案件的审理提供建议,又可以为保理行业的相关立法提供支持。促进保理业务朝着良性、规范的方向发展,需要完善相关立法,还要建立和完善保理行业监管制度。完善保理行业立法,就要加快保理合同纠纷立法和相关的规范性法律文件的制定工作,并且要制定和完善保理行业法规。除此之外,还要加快建立保理仲裁制度,并用法制的手段筑牢保理制度的信用基础。最后,还应当加快保理纠纷案件司法裁判人才的培养,以适应解决专业性、复杂性问题的需求。建立有效、统一的保理行业监管制度,就需要统一保理业务的监管部门,制定统一的监管标准、监管流程和体系,并且要加快保理业务监管人材的培养。
[Abstract]:Factoring is a comprehensive financial service to obtain financing for the transfer of creditor's rights conditions. According to the relevant theory and practice, from different angles will be divided into international and domestic factoring factoring factoring with recourse factoring and non recourse factoring, factoring and open hidden factoring, factoring and factoring business, single factoring and double factoring factoring contract. Different types of creditors and factoring reached the relevant basis under the contract of assignment of account receivable, financing, accounts receivable collection, accounts receivable management, one or more items in the transaction guarantee agreement. Compared with the ordinary creditor's rights transfer contract, diversity factoring contract is the main object, uniqueness, complexity and form the specific characteristics of the relationship of rights and obligations. The factoring business in China started late, there is no specific legislative and judicial factoring Explain, complexity and factoring disputes. This resulted in the judicial practice of factoring disputes legal qualitative difficult problem of decision can not follow the understanding of legal facts of the case and is not unified, these factors resulted in the factoring disputes referee standards are not unified in a judicial dilemma. Based on this practice. From the Supreme People's court referee the stack select several representative examples of judicial judgment, and combined with the legal characteristics of factoring contract to make an empirical analysis, summed up the dispute case of factoring contract in common, proposed should follow the trial of such cases in the judicial rules: first, in the identification of the nature and cause of the legal relationship factoring contract on the basis of the contract creditors to the transfer of accounts receivable for the price to get financing from factoring, factoring in financing outside, Also provides a collection of accounts receivable, accounts receivable management, one or more bad debt guarantees and other comprehensive financial services in behavior, should be recognized as the legal relationship of the factoring contract, should be defined as "factoring contract". Secondly, in the case that the litigation status and factoring contract parties jurisdiction, shall consistent with the provisions of the relevant jurisdiction litigation status "and the case of People's Republic of China Civil Procedure Law >. In third, recourse factoring contract, the transferor shall submit to the accounts receivable factoring accounts receivable bear compensation liability maturity has not been clear; but in a non recourse factoring contract, there is no need to take the responsibility. Fourth, the transfer of accounts receivable factoring contract disputes and factoring contract guarantee contract dispute cannot be consolidated. In fifth, identified in the factoring contract disputes on the validity of the notice of assignment of rights, should be to pass Know the requirements for payment obligations of the debtor to fulfill the factoring business, if the creditor fails to perform the obligation of notification, it only has the internal validity of factoring contract. Sixth, if the basic contract prohibits the transfer of accounts receivable, then factoring contract is invalid. Seventh, under the basic contract debtor to the creditor the defense can be directly to the factoring claims eighth, changes in the basic contract, without the basis of contract, contract processing based fictitious fraudulent financing case, the parties should be based on the fault of the distinction. These rules can provide suggestions for China's factoring contract dispute case, and can provide the support for the related legislation of factoring industry. Promoting factoring in a benign and normal direction, the need to improve the relevant legislation, to establish and perfect the supervision system of the factoring industry. Perfect factoring industry legislation, it is necessary to speed up the factoring contract. Have the relevant legislation and normative legal documents work, and to develop and improve the factoring industry regulations. In addition, to accelerate the establishment of factoring arbitration system, and use legal means to build the credit foundation of factoring system. Finally, it should speed up the training of factoring disputes judicial personnel, to solve the professional the complexity of the problem, the establishment of effective demand. The factoring industry, unified supervision system, supervision department requires a unified factoring, formulate a unified regulatory standards, regulatory processes and systems, and to speed up the training of personnel supervision. Factoring

【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.6

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