刑事诉讼中证人保护程序的构建

发布时间：2018-01-25 18:43

本文关键词： 刑事诉讼证人保护程序　出处：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：党的十八届四中全会《关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》中提出“推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革”,但目前我国刑事诉讼中证人出庭率低,原因之一是证人保护缺乏程序保障,本文特就该问题作为研究对象,力图为推进以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革建言献策。本文分为以下四个部分:第一部分主要论述健全证人保护程序的必要性。第一,将本文证人保护程序界定为“在刑事诉讼中,为了使证人人身财产安全、名誉和心理健康不受侵害,各法律关系主体在证人保护的申请、受理和审批、执行等环节进行的各项诉讼活动及由此产生的相互之间的权利义务关系”;重点分析了我国证人保护程序立法中存在的条文粗疏、操作性不强、程序构建不完备、法律主体间权利义务关系不明等问题。第二,论述了完善的证人保护程序对促进证人出庭、落实“以审判为中心”改革的必要性。第二部分论述证人保护的申请程序。第一,证人保护的申请条件。论述了证人保护的对象除了现有规定外还应包括其他有利害关系的人、被害人、鉴定人,并进一步明确了“有必要保护”的7个具体事由;第二,阐述了有权申请证人保护的主体包括四类:证人、近亲属、其他有利害关系的人,被害人及其代理人,侦查机关,法院;最后,明确了从侦查起诉到审判终止后均可以申请证人保护,申请包括口头和书面两种方式。第三部分论述证人保护申请的受理和审批程序。第一,论述了以“公安机关为主,检察院、法院、国安和军队保卫部门为辅”的原则确定受理和审批机关;第二,明确了受理和审批的形式和期限。一般案件初步调查期为七个工作日,情况复杂的可以延长一至七个工作日,调查结束后三个工作日内完成审批工作并答复申请人,重大刑事案件应先采取保护措施再进行程序申请;第三,申请不予受理和审批可通过申请复核、复议或申请检查监督等方式救济。第四部分论述证人保护的执行程序。第一,明确将公安机关确立为执行机关。第二,根据案件类型设定不同的保护期限,一般案件保护期限为五年以内;重大案件保护期限为五至二十年;累犯、暴力性犯罪、危害国家安全犯罪、恐怖活动等案件则终身保护。
[Abstract]:In the decision of the fourth Plenary session of the 18 CPC Central Committee on comprehensively promoting the ruling of the country according to law, it is proposed that "to promote the reform of the litigation system centered on trial", but at present the rate of witnesses appearing before the court in criminal proceedings in our country is low. One of the reasons is the lack of procedural protection for witness protection. This paper is divided into the following four parts: the first part mainly discusses the necessity of improving witness protection procedures. First. This paper defines the witness protection procedure as "in criminal proceedings, in order to make the witness's personal and property safety, reputation and mental health is not infringed, the main body of legal relations in the application for witness protection, acceptance and approval." The various litigation activities carried out in such links as enforcement and the relationship between rights and obligations arising therefrom "; Focus on the analysis of the provisions in the legislation of witness protection procedures in our country, rough, not strong operability, procedure construction is not complete, the relationship between rights and obligations between legal subjects is unclear. Second. This paper discusses the necessity of the perfect witness protection procedure to promote the witness to appear in court and to carry out the reform of "taking trial as the center". The second part discusses the application procedure of witness protection. In addition to the existing provisions, the object of witness protection should include other interested persons, victims and experts. Furthermore, seven specific reasons for "necessary protection" are further clarified. Second, the right to apply for witness protection of the subject includes four categories: witnesses, near relatives, other interested persons, victims and their representatives, investigative organs, courts; Finally, from investigation and prosecution to the end of the trial can apply for witness protection, the application includes oral and written two ways. The third part discusses the procedure of accepting and approving witness protection application. First. This paper discusses the principle that "the public security organ is the main body, the procuratorate, the court, the national security department and the military security department as the auxiliary" to determine the acceptance and examination and approval organs; Second, it clarifies the form and time limit for accepting and approving cases. The initial investigation period of a general case is seven working days, which can be extended by one to seven working days if the situation is complicated. After completing the examination and approval work and responding to the applicant within three working days after the investigation, the major criminal case shall first take protective measures before proceeding with the procedure application; Third, the application for inadmissibility and examination and approval may be relief by means of application for review, reconsideration or application for inspection and supervision. Part 4th deals with the execution procedure of witness protection. First. The public security organs are clearly established as executive organs. Second, according to the types of cases, different protection periods are set, and the protection period of general cases is less than five years; The duration of protection in major cases is five to twenty years; Recidivism, violent crimes, crimes against national security, terrorist activities and other cases are protected for life.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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