中国民间组织参与环保公共产品供给问题研究

发布时间：2018-01-25 20:43

本文关键词： 民间环保组织公共产品供给政府职能转变政府购买　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几十年,我国经济建设突飞猛进,取得了辉煌的成就,但同时经济增长与生态环境、资源承载能力之间的矛盾愈益突出。为推动经济、社会的可持续发展,中共十八大报告把生态文明建设与经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设一并列为“五位一体”的总布局,使生态文明建设的重要性提升到了前所未有的高度。提供环境保护公共产品是政府天然的不可推卸的责任,但这并不意味着政府是环保公共产品供给的垄断者或者说政府必须是环保公共产品亲力亲为的直接生产者,事实上,民间组织参与环保公共产品供给具有重要意义,除发动民众参与社会治理活动的价值取向外,民间组织的参与有助于加强政府的环境保护职能,它可以弥补政府自身力量之不足,也可以发挥引导民众保护生态环境的积极作用,同时,它有助于推动政府从“经济建设型”向“公共服务型”转变和促进经济建设与社会管理的均衡发展。与官方环保组织相比,我国民间环保组织参与供给环保公共产品有自身的优势,比如,民间组织扎根基层,拥有广泛的群众基础;身处环保第一线,对生态环境情况更为了解;机动灵活,不拘泥于形式,效率更高。本文以政府职能理论和公共产品供给理论为工具,在政府职能转变的背景下着力研究民间环保组织参与政府供给环保公共产品的基本现状,包括民间环保组织参与政府履行的环保职能、参与供给环保公共产品的方式以及参与中遭遇到的问题,并尝试提出解决问题的办法。经研究发现,我国民间环保组织参与环保公共产品供给主要体现在环境宣传教育、环境监测预警、环境保护法律服务以及国家间交流等方面。环保组织参与供给环保公共产品的方式有:“政府委托,签订合同”;“政府主导,互助合作”以及“民间环保组织自发提供公共服务”。但在民间环保组织参与的实践中也存在不少问题,比如,政府购买服务的力度不够大;民间环保组织资质参差不齐;对民间环保组织的法律地位和制度保护不足,以及环保组织和政府环保部门的资金不足等。鉴于此,需要采取有针对性、可操作性的对策建议,包括规范政府与民间环保组织的合作关系;完善民间组织的参与机制并制度化;政府加大购买公共服务的力度和加强财政支持民间环保组织;合理提升民间环保组织的服务素质等。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, China's economic construction has made brilliant achievements, but at the same time, the contradiction between economic growth and ecological environment, resource carrying capacity is increasingly prominent. In order to promote economic and social sustainable development. The report of the 18 National Congress of the Communist Party of China put the construction of ecological civilization and economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction in parallel as the overall layout of "five in one". The importance of the construction of ecological civilization has been raised to an unprecedented height. It is the government's unshirkable responsibility to provide environmental protection for public goods. However, this does not mean that the government is the monopoly of the supply of environmental protection public goods or that the government must be the direct producer of environmental protection public goods, in fact. The participation of non-governmental organizations in the supply of environmental protection public goods is of great significance. Besides the value orientation of mobilizing people to participate in social governance activities, the participation of non-governmental organizations helps to strengthen the function of environmental protection of the government. It can make up for the insufficiency of the government's own strength, can also play a positive role in guiding the people to protect the ecological environment, at the same time. It can help the government to change from "economic construction" to "public service" and promote the balanced development of economic construction and social management. China's non-governmental environmental protection organizations have their own advantages in providing environmental protection public goods. For example, non-governmental organizations take root at the grass-roots level and have a broad mass base; In the forefront of environmental protection, more understanding of the ecological environment; Flexible, non-formal, more efficient. This paper takes the theory of government function and the theory of supply of public goods as the tool. In the context of the transformation of government functions, we focus on the basic status quo of non-governmental environmental protection organizations participating in the provision of environmental protection public goods, including the participation of non-governmental environmental protection organizations in the environmental protection functions performed by the government. Participate in the supply of environmental protection public goods and the problems encountered in the process of participation, and try to put forward solutions to the problem. Private environmental protection organizations in China participate in the supply of environmental protection public goods mainly reflected in environmental publicity and education, environmental monitoring and early warning. Environmental protection legal services and inter-state exchanges. Environmental protection organizations participate in the supply of environmental protection public goods in the following ways: "commissioned by the government, signed contracts;" "Government-led, mutual aid and cooperation" and "private environmental protection organizations spontaneously provide public services". But in the practice of the participation of non-governmental environmental protection organizations, there are many problems, for example, the strength of government purchase of services is not strong enough; The qualification of non-governmental environmental protection organizations is uneven; The legal status and system protection of the non-governmental environmental protection organizations, as well as the lack of funds of environmental protection organizations and government environmental protection departments, etc., in view of this, we need to take targeted, operational countermeasures and suggestions. Including standardizing the cooperative relationship between the government and non-governmental environmental protection organizations; Perfecting and institutionalizing the participation mechanism of civil society organizations; The government should increase the purchase of public services and strengthen the financial support for non-governmental environmental organizations; To improve the service quality of non-governmental environmental protection organizations and so on.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X32;D632.9

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