马克思科技观的生态维度研究

发布时间：2018-01-29 05:03

本文关键词： 马克思科技观生态文明绿色发展　出处：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：科技已成为当今社会发展至关重要的因素,是现代性的象征和标志。人们借助科技实现生产力快速发展,源源不断地从自然中掠取资源,创造着一个个神话,享受着天堂般的生活。而获取的利益越大,所付出的代价也越高,水资源污染,核泄漏,大气污染等等环境问题的集中爆发和不可逆的破坏都反映着人与自然矛盾的激化。面对如此残酷的现实人们必须放慢前进的步伐,重新思考科技在发展中应起到的作用,审视人与自然的关系。科技在人类历史的发展中起着至关重要的作用,原始人钻木取火就已经是利用科技为人的生存提供保障,而随着科技发展带来更多便利的同时伴随而来的负效应也随之增加。马克思正处于第一次科技大爆发的时代,对科技的审视在其思想中具有很重要的作用,也为今后的学者提供了众多精神养料。也正是如此,学界对于马克思科学观的争论也一直存在,其中不乏对马克思的片面理解和误读。武断地对马克思的科技观进行定义,并将其归为“科技决定论”,把科学技术视为人类征服自然的工具。而这种争论本质上就是对马克思科技观的偏离,马克思视野中,科技理论是与资本主义批判、“异化理论”、生产方式的变革等多个理论相结合,并不只是局限在社会领域,科技与自然之间的关系也是马克思思考的立足点之一。本研究在马克思所处的时代语境下,合理地运用了历史与逻辑相一致的方法、理论与实际相结合的方法,以马克思文本中科技的论述为圆点,结合后期马克思主义者对其思想的解读,仔细分析马克思科技观中的生态思想,并对其进行梳理,从而汲取出马克思科技观对人与自然、科技与自然关系的理论核心。使马克思理论对于当今科技发展焕发新的活力。并得出以下结论:第一,马克思技术观中科技是作为人与自然的中介并体现着人对自然的能动性,是人改造自然的实践活动。第二,对于马克思科技观中的生态思想不能孤立地评判,科技与自然的问题或人与自然的问题不是狭义的技术问题,应与自然、社会型态、生产方式等相联结。第三,马克思的科技观中关涉到的生态思想,虽都是围绕对资本主义罪恶的揭露以及对无产阶级的“怜悯”而展开,但不能因此消解马克思对生态问题的敏锐性与前瞻性。第四,马克思科技观中的生态思想与当今科技发展中遇到诸多问题暗合,对生态文明、科技创新、绿色发展等重大决策有着积极的意义。
[Abstract]:Science and technology has become a crucial factor in the development of society today, is the symbol and symbol of modernity. People use science and technology to realize the rapid development of productive forces, continue to take resources from nature, create a myth. Enjoy a heavenly life. And the greater the benefits, the higher the cost, water pollution, nuclear leakage. The concentrated explosion and irreversible destruction of environmental problems such as air pollution reflect the intensification of the contradiction between man and nature. In the face of such cruel reality people must slow down the pace of progress. Rethinking the role of science and technology in development, examining the relationship between man and nature, science and technology plays a vital role in the development of human history. Primitive man has been using science and technology to provide protection for human survival. With the development of science and technology brought more convenience and accompanied by the negative effects also increased. Marx is in the first era of the explosion of science and technology, the examination of science and technology plays a very important role in his thoughts. It also provides a lot of spiritual nourishment for the scholars in the future. It is just like this, the debate about Marx's view of science also exists all the time in the academic circles. There is no lack of one-sided understanding and misreading of Marx. Arbitrarily define Marx's view of science and technology, and classify it as "science and technology determinism". To regard science and technology as a tool for human beings to conquer nature is essentially a deviation from Marx's view of science and technology. In Marx's vision, the theory of science and technology is a criticism of capitalism and a "theory of alienation". The combination of many theories, such as the transformation of production mode, is not confined to the social field, but the relationship between science and technology and nature is one of the foothold of Marx's thinking. Reasonable use of the method of history and logic, the combination of theory and practice, the discourse of science and technology in Marx text as a dot, combined with the late Marxist interpretation of his thoughts. Carefully analyze the ecological thought in Marx's view of science and technology, and comb it, so as to draw the Marxist view of science and technology to man and nature. The theoretical core of the relationship between science and technology and nature makes Marx's theory coruscate new vitality for the development of science and technology today, and draws the following conclusions: first. In Marx's view of technology, science and technology is the intermediary between man and nature and reflects the initiative of man to nature, and it is the practical activity of man to transform nature. Secondly, the ecological thought in Marx's view of science and technology cannot be judged in isolation. The problem of science and technology and nature or the problem of man and nature is not a narrow technical problem, but should be connected with nature, social type, production mode and so on. Third, the ecological thought involved in Marx's view of science and technology. Although they all revolve around the exposure of capitalist evils and the "pity" for the proletariat, they cannot dispel Marx's sensitivity and foresight to ecological problems. 4th. The ecological thought in Marx's view of science and technology coincides with many problems encountered in the development of science and technology today, which has positive significance for the important decision making of ecological civilization, scientific and technological innovation, green development and so on.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X2;A81

【参考文献】