我国收容教育制度存续研究

发布时间：2018-01-31 01:27

本文关键词： 劳动教养收容教育卖淫嫖娼收容教育期限人权保障　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1957年创制并实施的劳动教养制度在其服役56年后寿终正寝。作为我国法律制度的内容之一,该制度在维护社会稳定、预防和整治犯罪上发挥了有力作用。其被废止的原因在于该制度产生的法治背景的蝶变,在新的依法治国的背景下,该制度的存在缺乏明确的法律依据、缺少必要的制衡措施、劳动教养对象不明确、惩罚的严厉性不能与其作为行政处罚的性质所符,故在收容遣送制度被废除后,在“上访妈妈”唐慧事件、重庆大学生“村官”任建宇因言获罪被劳教等事件发酵后,在学者、司法工作人员、媒体的呼吁下,2013年12月28日全国人大常委会通过了关于废止有关劳动教养法律规定的决定。废止劳动教养制度之后,引发对与该制度颇为相近的收容教育制度的合法性及其存续的反思和质疑。法治是动态变化的过程,法律制度应当因时而变。收容教育制度在我国存有25年的历史,时至今日,收容教育制度所生的社会环境时过境迁,而收容教育制度却鲜有变更,故而饱受诟病,尤其是收容教育的期限较长的问题,遭受理论界的抨击。不可否认,收容教育期限作为收容教育制度重要内容的,在当前的法治环境下,确实存在诸多问题:长达6个月至两年的期限进行限制被收教者人身自由的确存在违反《宪法》基本原则、违反行政法比例原则、违反正当程序原则、缺乏对当事人在不服收容教育期限决定的司法救济程序、授权公安机关任意不受司法审查的自由裁量权,使得权力行使没有制约条件,造成实践中任意决定收容期限、顶格适用两年期限以及强迫被收教者缴纳高额罚款换取较短的收容教育期限的行政腐败等现象。但并不是说该上述问题不能通过改革以补救,唯有废除罢了。当前社会中卖淫嫖娼行为不仅群体多样化且更加隐蔽社会危害大,仍需要对卖淫嫖娼进行整治,主张继续保留收容教育制度符合现实要求,进而可以通过对收容教育期限进行改造,以完善该制度存续的合法性及必要性。收容教育期限的改造并非一步之举、一蹴而就,而应当在既能实现收容教育制度立法挽救被收教者的初衷上,又能实现维护社会治安道德秩序的目的上,同时又能保障被收教者的人身自由权利不受不当羁押的实质要求下进行收容教育期限的改造。在考虑最大化缩短收容教育期限并取得最优化教育效果,应当配合其他教育形式,做到收容教育前——收容教育期间——收容教育后三个阶段都能有相应的挽救措施,这样才能使得压缩收容教育期限成为科学举措、保障基本人权。
[Abstract]:In 1957, the re-education through labor system was established and implemented after 56 years of service. As one of the contents of our country's legal system, this system is maintaining social stability. The reason of its abolishment lies in the Butterfly of the background of the rule of law produced by the system. Under the background of the new rule of law, the existence of the system lacks a clear legal basis. Lack of necessary checks and balances, the object of re-education through labor is not clear, the severity of punishment can not be with its nature as administrative punishment, so after the abolition of the system of asylum and deportation, in the "petition mother" Tanghui incident. Chongqing university student "village official" Ren Jianyu because of the sentence was re-education through labor and other incidents ferment, in the appeal of scholars, judicial staff, the media. In December 28th 2013, the standing Committee of the National people's Congress adopted a decision on repealing the relevant legal provisions on re-education through labour. It is the process of dynamic change that leads to the reflection and doubt on the legality and the existence of the institution of asylum education which is quite close to the system. The legal system should change from time to time. There are 25 years of history in our country. To this day, the social environment of the reception education system has changed, but the reception education system has rarely changed. Therefore, it has been criticized, especially the problem of the long term of reception education, which has been criticized by the theoretical circle. Undeniably, as an important part of the reception education system, the period of reception education is under the current environment of the rule of law. Indeed, there are many problems: restrictions on the personal liberty of detainees for a period of up to six months to two years do exist in violation of the basic principles of the Constitution, the principle of proportionality of administrative law and the principle of due process. There is no judicial relief procedure for the party concerned in refusing to accept the decision of the time limit of admission education, and the public security organ is authorized to be free from judicial review at any time, which makes the exercise of the power without restriction. Resulting in arbitrary determination of the duration of admission in practice. The application of the two-year period and the administrative corruption of forced detainees to pay high fines in return for a shorter period of schooling does not mean that the above problems cannot be remedied through reform. Only abolish. In the current society, the behavior of prostitution and whoring is not only diverse and more hidden social harm, but also need to regulate prostitution and prostitute, advocate to continue to retain the education system in line with the practical requirements. Thus, we can improve the legitimacy and necessity of the system by reforming the duration of the education of asylum, which is not a step in one step, but can be accomplished overnight. It should not only realize the original intention of receiving education system legislation to save the educated, but also can achieve the purpose of maintaining public security and moral order. At the same time, it can also protect the right of personal liberty of the receiving person from being improperly detained to carry on the reform of the period of the education of asylum under the essential requirement of improper detention. In consideration of maximizing the shortening of the period of the education of reception and achieving the optimal educational effect. We should cooperate with other forms of education so that there can be corresponding rescue measures in the three stages before and during the period of reception education, so as to make the reduction of the duration of reception education become a scientific measure. Guarantee of basic human rights
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.8

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