杨度国家主义法学思想研究

发布时间：2018-02-02 13:12

本文关键词： 杨度国家主义国家理性民权　出处：《首都经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：对于中国而言,清末民初是其现代国家观开始强势取代传统“天下”观的非常时期。在此期间,构造新的国家形式并设计配套制度,以应对变化后的国际交往规则,成为了最紧迫的历史任务。而在这样的任务要求下,将国家拟制为独立体后,以保障国家安全、树立国家权威与追求国家利益为主旨的国家主义哲学便成为了当时期流行理论的主要思维方式和价值主张。这一背景直接决定了近代中国在对西方法学思想进行继受时所形成的主观思路。而杨度正好以国家形式再造者的角色具体展现了在这一思路的指导下,中国思想者在吸收了西方的国家学说后,所形成的具体理论样式。所以,分析其国家主义法学思想有助于我们寻找到中国法理学在国家理论初成时的一种原生状态和逻辑起点。作为本土思想精英,杨度不可避免地受到了中国传统旧学的影响。而这种影响决定了杨度在面对西方理论时的思维惯性与主观动机,即其“本土性格”。而在其中,“王门今文经学”的理论风格、湖湘“帝王学”的务实作风以及“船山学”的价值追求均产生了较大作用。作为留日立宪专家,杨度接触到了大量西方理论。在这些舶来理论中,日本“世界秩序”与“国家构成”理论、社会进化论及古典自然法学派的国家学说成为了杨度国家主义法学思想的重要依托与借鉴。杨度国家主义法学思想的具体内容主要包括四个部分。第一,其利用了一套民权理论为国家共同体的存在赋予了正当性。第二,其倡导以一种国家主义的法律意识形态否定并代替旧有的家族主义的法律意识形态。第三,其在选择何种国体类型的问题上,表明了支持君主制的坚决态度。第四,其在顶层设计方面推销了责任政府、政党政治与代议国会三项具体制度。观察杨度国家主义法学思想在中国法学理论发展谱系中所发挥的积极作用,能够发现其启迪了一种具有进步意义的国家理性;说明了国体概念对于新造国家所起到的观念作用;铺陈了一系列符合法治精神的政治秩序理论。然而,通过反思,也可以发现其存在的三点缺陷。首先是受限于实用主义“民权论”的理论宿命之下。其次是陷入了工具主义“立法观”的理论误区之中。最后是止步在了精英主义“法治论”的理论局限之内。
[Abstract]:For China, at the end of the Qing Dynasty is a very important period of its modern national view began to replace the traditional strong "world view". During this period, the construction of a new national form and design of supporting system, in order to respond to changes in the rules of international communication, has become history's most urgent task. In this task, the state intends to as the independent body, in order to protect national security, establish a national philosophy theme has become a popular theory when the period of main mode of thinking and value proposition of the authority of the state and national interests. This background determines the modern Chinese in subjective ideas formed on the western legal thought. Yangdu just to form the role of specific national reconstruction shows under the guidance of this idea, Chinese thinkers in the absorption of the western theory of the state, the theory of style formed by, Analysis of the national law thought is helpful for us to find an original state of China jurisprudence in the theory of the state as the beginning of the logic starting point. And as the local elite thought, Yangdu is inevitably influenced by the traditional old China. And it determines the degree of Yang in the face of western theory and subjective thinking inertia that is the motivation, "local character". In the theory of "the style of Confucian classics", "Hunan pragmatic style imperial school" and "Chuanshan" values have great effect. As Japan constitutional experts, Yang degree of exposure to a large number of western theories in these foreign theories. In Japan, the "world order" and "national form" theory of social evolution and the classical natural law school of the state theory has become an important degree of nationalism relying on the legal thought of Yang Yang of state and reference. The specific content of meaning law thought mainly includes four parts. First, the use of a set of civil rights theory gives legitimacy to the national community there. In second, the legal ideology advocated by the legal ideology of nationalism and a denial of the replacement of the family. Third, in the choice of type system the problem, that resolute support the monarchy. In fourth, the promotion of responsible government in the top-level design, the political party and the Representative Congress three specific systems. To observe the positive role played by Yang national realistic jurisprudence theory in Chinese law development pedigree, to find out the inspiration of a the progress of the national rationality; explains the concept system for the concept of new role played by the state; lay out a series of in line with the spirit of the rule of law and political order theory. However, through reflection, also We can find three defects of its existence. First, we are limited by the theoretical destiny of pragmatism "civil rights". Secondly, we fall into the Theoretical Misunderstanding of instrumentalism. Finally, we stop in the theoretical limitations of elitism "rule of law".

【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D909.2

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