马克思“人的本质”思想及其在当代中国的实现

发布时间：2018-02-15 01:04

本文关键词： 马克思人的本质当代实现　出处：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1845年马克思在《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》中明确提出了 "人的本质"思想,指出"人的本质不是单个人所固有的抽象物,在其现实性上,它是一切社会关系的总和。"之后,恩格斯和列宁对该思想进行了丰富和完善,中国的马克思主义者们也在不同时期进行了继承和发展。当前,中国改革开放处于深化阶段,积极探讨马克思"人的本质"思想,对于充分尊重人的主体性地位、实现人的价值以及发挥人的主观能动性具有重要的现实价值。人民群众是进行改革开放的主体,人民群众的作用发挥的如何对于协调推进"四个全面"战略布局,实现"两个一百年"奋斗目标及中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦也具有重要的现实意义。论文说明了"马克思'人的本质'思想及其在当代中国实现"的研究目的、研究意义与研究现状等问题,为下一步论文的写作作好铺垫。论文论述了马克思"人的本质"思想的产生与内涵。在马克思"人的本质"思想的产生即形成背景方面从经济条件、社会政治状况和思想基础三个方面进行了分析。论文在马克思"人的本质"思想的内涵方面,认为可以从劳动是人的本质规定性、"人的本质"是一切社会关系的总和以及人的解放是"人的本质"思想的崇高目标三个方面理解其"人的本质"的科学含义。论文探讨了马克思"人的本质"思想在中国马克思主义者中的历史探索。认为中国的马克思主义者们对其内容进行了丰富和完善。他们非常关注马克思对人的重视即"人的本质"思想,并且能结合中国革命与建设不同时期的具体情况对人的问题进行不懈探索。中国马克思主义者们对马克思"人的本质"思想的探索成果主要包括毛泽东关于"发挥人的主观能动性"、邓小平关于"尊重人解放人发展人"、江泽民关于"人的全面发展"、胡锦涛关于"以人为本"以及习近平关于"以人民为中心"的思想。论文对马克思"人的本质"思想在当代中国的实现情况进行了分析。认为马克思"人的本质"思想在当代中国实现的情况有成效也存在问题。所取得的成效表现在理论探讨和实践成果两个方面。所存在的问题主要表现在人与自然关系、社会条件和个人需要等三个方面。笔者从三个层面总结了马克思"人的本质"思想在当代中国实现存在的问题的原因。论文阐述了马克思"人的本质"思想在当代中国进一步实现的有效途径。认为可以从国家维度的战略举措、社会领域的具体方式和个人视角的有效方法三个方面来探讨。国家维度中的战略举措包括经济、政治、文化和生态文明建设等,社会视域中的具体方式包括社会制度、人文关怀和心理健康教育等方面,个人视角中的有效方法包括社会实践、能力提升和自身素质等方面。
[Abstract]:In 1845, Marx put forward the idea of "the essence of man" in outline of Feuerbach, and pointed out that "the essence of man is not the abstract thing inherent in a single human being, and in its reality, it is the sum total of all social relations." Engels and Lenin enriched and perfected the thought, and the Marxists in China also inherited and developed it at different times. At present, China's reform and opening up is in the deepening stage, actively exploring Marx's thought of "human nature". It has important practical value for fully respecting the subjective status of human beings, realizing the value of human beings and giving full play to the subjective initiative of human beings. The masses of the people are the main body of the reform and opening up. How does the role of the people play a role in coordinating and promoting the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, Chinese Dream, who has realized the goal of "two hundred years" and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, also has important practical significance. The significance of the research and the status quo of the research, The paper discusses the origin and connotation of Marx's thought of "the essence of human beings". In terms of the background of the emergence of Marx's thought of "human essence", the paper discusses the economic conditions of the formation of the thought of "the essence of human beings". This paper analyzes the social and political situation and ideological basis. The author holds that the scientific meaning of "human essence" can be understood from three aspects: labor is the essential stipulation of human beings, "human essence" is the sum of all social relations and the liberation of human beings is the lofty goal of the thought of "human essence". This paper probes into the historical exploration of Marx's "human essence" thought among Chinese Marxists, and thinks that the Marxists in China have enriched and perfected its contents. They pay close attention to the importance of Marx to human beings. The thought of "the essence of man", And can combine the specific situation of Chinese revolution and construction different period to carry on the unremitting exploration to the question of the human being. The Chinese Marxists' exploration achievement to Marx's thought of "the essence of human" mainly includes Mao Zedong about "hair" Deng Xiaoping's thoughts on "respecting people, liberating people and developing people", Jiang Zemin on "all-round development of human beings", Hu Jintao on "taking people as the center" and Hu Jintao on "taking the people as the center". This paper analyzes the realization of Marx's "human essence" in contemporary China, and thinks that there are still some problems in the realization of Marx's "human essence" in contemporary China. On the two aspects of discussion and practical achievement. The existing problems are mainly manifested in the relationship between man and nature. The author summarizes the causes of the problems existing in the realization of Marx's "human essence" thought in contemporary China from three aspects. The paper expounds the importance of Marx's "human essence" thought. The effective way to realize further in China... Think that from the national dimension of the strategic measures, The strategic measures in the national dimension include economic, political, cultural and ecological civilization construction, and the specific ways in the social horizon include the social system. In the aspects of humanistic care and mental health education, the effective methods in personal perspective include social practice, ability improvement and self-quality.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D61;B038

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