公众参与行政决策法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-26 18:29

本文关键词： 行政决策公众参与决策公正公民权利参与规则　出处：《河南师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：公众参与行政决策是指公众参与行政决策的过程并且影响其最终结果,从而使行政决策科学合理,符合公众的利益要求。公众参与行政决策是政府现代化建设的必然要求,也是法治政府建设的内在组成要素。随着社会进步和民主化程度的提高,公众参与行政决策的制度化法律化取得了一定的成果。然而,仍然有不少与公众生存和日常生活关系密切的行政决策项目,公众经常无法有效参与。本文明确了公众参与行政决策这一概念的内涵,并从公民权利和行政决策自身要求两方面分析了公众参与行政决策的必要性,同时通过对我国公众参与行政决策的法律及其运行状况进行分析,找出了我国公众参与行政决策的体制中出现问题的主要原因。在此基础上总结了能够保障公众有效参与行政决策的法律制度应该包涵的一些核心要件,通过对这些要件进行逐一分析和梳理,试图为我国公众参与行政决策的相关立法提供一些建议。论文首先对公众参与行政决策这一概念进行了定义,并分析了我国公众参与行政决策的法律在运行中发挥的作用和存在的缺陷,指出当前我国公众参与行政决策效果不佳的原因主要为:首先,公众参与行政决策的意识和能力较弱;其次,公众参与决策的事项范围不明确;再次,公众参与行政决策的主体权利地位缺失;最后,公众参与行政决策没有明确的程序路径和制度保障。本文认为:在对公众参与意识和参与能力的培养上,应该通过法律途径进一步推行政府信息公开,使政府信息公开的水平符合公众参与决策的需要,同时激活和发挥基层社会组织在引导公众参与行政决策方面的积极作用;关于公众参与决策的事项范围,所有的行政决策都需要公众参与,同时根据事项本身的复杂程度、对公众造成影响的大小以及公众对相关事项的关心程度,组织相应形式和规模的公众参与;在公众参与权利的保障上,能参与行政决策的主体范围应该尽量大,使利害关系人、专家和其他热心公众都有机会参与;在参与程序规则的设置上,应该从程序启动、议程设置、效果监督等方面合理设置参与的程序规则,确保公平和效率兼顾。听证会作为公众参与行政决策的一种重要形式,其价值就在于能够让作出决策的行政机关在决策前听取利害关系人的意见或建议,因而公众对其寄予厚望。由于公众在我国行政决策中的主体地位尚未得到足够的重视,听证会在现实中未能有效发挥作用。所以,我们需要从组织者、参会代表的名额配置以及会议议程的具体设置等方面构建我国的听证会制度。论文对上述观点分别进行了论证,在此基础上提出了保障公众参与行政决策权利的立法建议,认为应该从以下几个方面建立和完善公众参与行政决策的法律制度:首先,建立政府信息公开方面的法律,强化和落实政府信息公开制度,使政府信息公开的水平满足公众参与行政决策的需要;其次,明确基层社会组织在公众参与行政决策中的责任和权力,激活和发挥其积极作用;再次,扩大公众参与行政决策的主体范围和事项范围,从法律确认公众参与行政决策的权利和主体地位;最后,从公众参与程序的启动、议程的设置以及参与效果的监督等方面合理制定公众参与程序,确保公正和效率的兼顾。
[Abstract]:Public participation in administrative decision-making is the process of public participation in administrative decision-making and the effect of the final results, so that the administrative decision is scientific and reasonable, conform to the public interests. The public participation in administrative decision-making is the inevitable requirement of the modernization of the government, but also the rule of law government construction within elements. With the social progress and increased democratization, the public participate in the administrative decision system of law has made some achievements. However, there are still a lot of survival and daily life and the public relations administrative decision-making project closely, the public often can not effectively participate. It makes clear the connotation of the concept of public participation in administrative decision-making, and from the civil and administrative decision-making itself two aspects analysis the necessity of public participation in administrative decision-making, and also through the legal status of the administrative decision-making for public participation in our country is analyzed, find out The main reason for the problems of China's public participation in administrative decision-making system. On the basis of summarizing some of the core elements of the legal system to safeguard public participation in administrative decision-making should be included, one by one through the analysis and research about these elements, trying to provide some suggestions for the legislation of administrative decision. The public participation in our country firstly, the concept of public participation in administrative decision-making is defined, and the analysis of the administrative decision-making for public participation in our country legal play in the operation of the role and defects, it pointed out that China's public participation in administrative decision-making causes poor effect mainly as follows: first, the public participation in administrative decision-making consciousness and ability is weak; secondly, public participation in decision-making matters is not clear; thirdly, lack of rights and status of public participation in administrative decision-making; finally, no public participation in administrative decision-making The program path and system guarantee clear. This paper holds that in the public participation consciousness and ability, should be through legal channels to open government information, government information disclosure level need to make the public participation in decision-making at the same time, activation and play a positive role in guiding the social organizations in the public participation in administrative decision-making; on public participation in decision-making matters, all administrative decisions require public participation, at the same time, according to the complexity of the matter itself, concerned about the degree of impact on the size of the public and the public on matters related to the corresponding organization form and scale of public participation; public participation in the protection of the rights, can participate in the administrative decision-making subject scope should be as large as possible, so that the parties, experts and other interested public have the opportunity to participate in the program; participation rules set, should From starting the program, agenda setting, effective supervision in the reasonable set of rules of procedure, to ensure the fairness and efficiency of the hearing. As an important form of public participation in administrative decision-making, its value is to make decision administrative organs to listen to the views of interested parties or advice before making a decision, so it has high hopes for the public because of the public. In the administrative decision-making in our country's subjectivity has not been given sufficient attention, the hearing failed to play an effective role in reality. Therefore, we need to construct the system of our country from the organizers, the hearing participants quota allocation and setting the agenda of the meeting and so on. The above views were demonstrated on this basis, put forward proposals to protect the rights of public participation in administrative decision-making, should establish and improve public participation from the following aspects The legal system of administrative decision: first, the establishment of government information disclosure law, strengthen and implement the government information disclosure system, the government information disclosure level to meet the needs of public participation in administrative decision-making; secondly, clear the grass-roots social organizations in the public participation in administrative decision-making responsibility and authority, activation and play a positive role; thirdly, expand the scope of the main body of public participation in administrative decision-making and the scope of the matters, from the legal recognition of public participation in administrative decision-making rights and status; finally, from the public participation program start, agenda setting and participation supervision to formulate reasonable public participation procedures, to ensure both fairness and efficiency.

【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

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