论国际法视野下遗传资源的知识产权保护

发布时间：2018-02-27 18:20

本文关键词： 遗传资源生物剽窃知识产权保护《TRIPS协议》　出处：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着生物技术的不断发展,作为生物技术基础的遗传资源,其价值在巨大的经济利益衬托下愈来愈凸显,但是遗传资源全球分布不均衡,继而引发国家间利益的不均衡。拥有先进技术的发达国家往往遗传资源比较匮乏,而技术落后的发展中国家却拥有丰富的遗传资源,在利益的驱动下,发达国家的跨国公司纷纷将视线转移到发展中国家寻找有价值的遗传资源,然后利用现代知识产权制度通过基因发明等方式为其掠夺的遗传资源申请专利,独享遗传资源带来的巨大财富。这种发达国家跨国公司的“生物剽窃”案例并非个案,近十年来已然以愈演愈烈的趋势形成了针对生物遗传资源的新一轮“圈地运动”。在如此背景下,遗传资源提供者和利用者如何做到利益平衡、如何对遗传资源提供法律保护等问题已成为国际社会关注的热点问题。本文第一章先从遗传资源的概念特征以及法律地位方面对其做比较完整的介绍,再以导入“生物剽窃”案例的方式引出文章主题,提出质疑:传统知识产权制度难道应该成为“生物剽窃”的庇护伞吗?第二章从世界性、区域性国际组织以及部分发展中国家两个层面对遗传资源法律保护的探索与现状加以介绍,在此基础上总结遗传资源保护的现状与不足以及现有的知识产权制度对遗传资源保护的排斥。第三章从法理学、突破现行知识产权基本理论两个方面分析遗传资源作为一种知识产权保护的合理性与正当性。第四章展望遗传资源知识产权保护的前景,发展中国家必须努力寻求《TRIPS协议》保护,促成《TRIPS协议》的修改。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of biotechnology, the value of genetic resources, as the foundation of biotechnology, is becoming more and more prominent, but the global distribution of genetic resources is not balanced. The developed countries with advanced technology tend to be short of genetic resources, while the developing countries with backward technologies have abundant genetic resources, driven by interests. Multinational corporations in developed countries have shifted their attention to developing countries in search of valuable genetic resources, and then used modern intellectual property systems to patent the genetic resources plundered by them by means of genetic inventions, etc. Exclusive access to the vast wealth of genetic resources. This case of "biological plagiarism" by multinational corporations in developed countries is not a case in point. Over the past decade, a new round of "land enclosure" has been formed for biological genetic resources. In this context, how do providers and users of genetic resources achieve a balance of interests? How to provide legal protection of genetic resources has become a hot issue in the international community. The first chapter of this paper introduces the concept characteristics and legal status of genetic resources. Then lead to the theme of the article by introducing the case of "biological plagiarism", raise the question: should the traditional intellectual property system become the umbrella of "biological plagiarism"? The second chapter introduces the exploration and current situation of the legal protection of genetic resources from the aspects of the world, regional international organizations and some developing countries. On this basis, it summarizes the current situation and deficiency of genetic resources protection and the exclusion of the existing intellectual property rights system from the protection of genetic resources. This paper analyzes the rationality and legitimacy of genetic resources as a kind of intellectual property protection from two aspects of the basic theory of current intellectual property rights. Chapter 4th looks forward to the prospect of intellectual property protection of genetic resources. Developing countries must work hard to secure TRIPS protection and bring about changes to the TRIPS.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D997.1

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