比较法视野下我国探望权主体制度研究

发布时间：2018-02-27 23:37

本文关键词： 探望权主体制度子女最大利益原则问题与对策　出处：《天津师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：2001年《婚姻法》第一次采用了"探望权"概念,并由此确定了探望权制度。探望权制度是指在离婚关系中,不直接抚养子女的一方有权利探望子女。该制度的设立是对国外先进立法制度的借鉴,弥补了我国1980年婚姻法的制度空白,也适应了我国社会发展的需求,具有重要的现实意义。虽然该制度的设立是立法的一大进步,但也应当看到,经过十多年的司法实践,制度在实际操作中存在不尽合理的地方。本文选取了探望权主体的角度来进行研究。根据婚姻法规定,探望权主体严格限定在父母一方。这种范围相当狭窄,忽视了我国普遍存在的"隔代亲"的亲缘关系,也与探望权制度设立的初衷——保护未成年人身心,使其在破裂的家庭关系中最大程度享受亲情这一原则有所背离。为了完善探望权制度,使其更符合我国社会发展的实际需要,本文认为有必要对探望权主体制度进行修改和完善。本文从我国社会发展的实际需求和我国探望权制度现状出发,结合探望权法理基础,重点分析现阶段我国探望权制度的不足,并运用比较分析的方法,在借鉴国外先进立法经验基础上,提出完善的建议。文章围绕我国探望权主体制度,展开以下几部分的研究:首先,结合我国社会发展的实际,指出现阶段国内探望权制度所存在的问题。本文运用案例分析法,从一个现实案例中,引出核心问题——祖父母是否具有探望权法律资格,由此延伸到探望权主体制度的研究。第二,系统介绍探望权制度的相关理论。首先界定探望权这一概念。其次,阐述了探望权的性质—探望权是权利与义务的统一。最后,论述了探望权制度的价值。第三,国内外探望权主体制度的比较法分析。限于国内立法技术和立法经验的不足,本文认为要完善国内的探望权制度有必要借鉴国外先进的立法经验。为此,本文运用比较分析法,对大陆法系和英美法系的代表国家的立法现状进行了梳理,并与我国的立法现状形成对照,从而发现不足,也找到参考。本部分重点从立法原则、权利主体及义务主体三个方面进行比较分析。第四,系统论述我国探望权制度现存的问题。在具体案例分析和比较分析基础上,深入挖掘国内探望权制度存在的不足之处,并得出结论。最后,在提出问题、分析问题的基础上,结合相关的法理基础和国外先进制度经验,解决问题。通过研究,本文最终确定了探望权主体制度的完善要从三方面入手:其一,确定子女最大利益原则;其二,扩大探望权权利主体;其三,扩大探望权义务主体。希望本文的研究能够为探望权制度的立法和司法实践提供有益的参考。
[Abstract]:In 2001, the Marriage Law adopted the concept of "visitation right" for the first time, and thus determined the visitation right system, which refers to the divorce relationship. The establishment of this system is a reference to the advanced foreign legislative system, which makes up the gap of the marriage law in 1980 and meets the needs of the social development of our country. It is of great practical significance. Although the establishment of this system is a major step forward in legislation, it should also be noted that, after more than a decade of judicial practice, There are unreasonable places in the system in practice. This paper chooses the subject of visitation right to study. According to the marriage law, the subject of visitation right is strictly limited to one of the parents. Neglecting the common kinship of "parents of another generation" in our country, and the original intention of establishing visitation right system-to protect the body and mind of the minor, but also to protect the body and mind of the minor. In order to perfect the visitation right system and make it more in line with the actual needs of the social development of our country, This paper holds that it is necessary to modify and perfect the subject system of visitation right. Based on the actual needs of social development and the present situation of visitation right system in China, this paper combines the legal basis of visitation right. This paper focuses on analyzing the deficiency of visitation right system in our country at present, and using the method of comparative analysis, on the basis of drawing lessons from the advanced legislative experience of foreign countries, puts forward some suggestions to perfect the subject system of visitation right in our country. First of all, combined with the reality of social development in China, this paper points out the problems existing in the present domestic visitation right system. Leading to the core question-whether grandparents have the legal qualification of visitation right, which extends to the study of the subject system of visitation right. Secondly, it systematically introduces the relevant theories of visitation right system. First, it defines the concept of visitation right. This paper expounds the nature of visitation right-visitation right is the unity of right and duty. Finally, it discusses the value of visitation right system. Thirdly, the comparative law analysis of visitation right subject system at home and abroad is limited to the deficiency of domestic legislation technology and legislative experience. In order to perfect the visitation right system in China, it is necessary to draw lessons from the advanced legislative experience of foreign countries. Therefore, this paper, by means of comparative analysis, sorts out the legislative status of the countries represented by the civil law system and the Anglo-American law system. And contrasts with our country's legislation present situation, thus discovers the insufficiency, also finds the reference. This part emphatically carries on the comparative analysis from the legislative principle, the rights subject and the obligation main body three aspects. 4th, This paper systematically discusses the existing problems of visitation right system in our country. On the basis of concrete case analysis and comparative analysis, it excavates deeply the shortcomings of visitation right system in China, and draws a conclusion. Finally, on the basis of raising questions and analyzing problems, Through the research, this paper finally determines that the improvement of the subject system of visitation right should start from three aspects: first, determine the principle of the best interests of the children; second, Expand the subject of visitation right; third, expand the subject of visitation rights and obligations. I hope this study can provide a useful reference for the legislation and judicial practice of visitation right system.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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