民事反诉制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 18:20

本文选题：民事反诉　切入点：扩张　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：民事反诉制度是诉讼构造中一种独特而复杂的诉讼形式,有其深刻的理论基础和特有的价值和功能,在平衡当事人诉权、促进纠纷解决、实现诉讼经济以及避免矛盾裁判等方面都具有自身的优越性,因此在各国的民事诉讼法体系中,反诉制度普遍建立并不断发展。由于历史背景、立法观念和司法环境的不同,英美法系和大陆法系国家在民事反诉制度的规定上,呈现出两种不同的反诉观。英美法系持有积极扩张的反诉观,主张通过反诉制度尽可能一次性解决纠纷,大陆法系国家的民事反诉制度则呈现出消极限制的特征,旨在简化诉讼程序,缩短诉讼周期,但是近年来,大陆法系国家关于反诉权的规定也有扩张的趋势。两大法系国家关于反诉制度的理念和规定都为我国民事反诉制度的构建和完善提供了可行性与先进性的借鉴意义。反观我国民事反诉制度的现状,随着2015年《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国民事诉讼法的解释》(以下简称《民诉法解释》)的颁布,对反诉制度的构成要件进行了详细的规定,立法上的疏漏得到一定程度的弥补,但是在反诉制度的价值体现、反诉主体以及反诉的客观构成要件等方面仍存在很多不完善的地方。通过分析人民法院关于处理反诉相关问题的裁判情况可以看到,民事反诉制度在司法运行中的现状也不容乐观,反诉制度适用率低、法官的自由裁量权过大等问题都亟待解决。通过分析我国民事反诉制度的现状以及产生的问题,可以看到,对我国民事反诉制度进行完善是具有必要性和紧迫性的。一个制度的构建首先应该有基本思想作指导,反诉制度亦是如此。在反诉制度的完善上,要在起诉权与反诉权、反诉权与审判权以及反诉制度的主客观标准等方面实现平衡。同时,考虑到民事诉讼的发展现状和反诉权扩张的国际趋势,我国应该立足本国国情,坚持适度扩张的观念,使反诉制度的功能得到最大程度的发挥。在“平衡与扩张”的基本思想的指导下,针对我国民事反诉制度在立法和司法适用过程中存在的弊端,同时借鉴国外先进的制度,对我国的民事反诉制度的完善提出了具体构想,提出引入强制反诉制度,并在反诉权扩张、再反诉制度、以及法官释明义务等方面都进行了思考和建议。
[Abstract]:The civil counterclaim system is a unique and complex litigation form in the structure of litigation, which has its profound theoretical basis and unique value and function, which balances the litigant's right of action and promotes the settlement of disputes. The realization of litigation economy and the avoidance of contradictions in adjudication have their own advantages. Therefore, in the civil procedure law system of various countries, the counterclaim system is generally established and continuously developed. Due to the historical background, the legislative concept and judicial environment are different. There are two different views on counterclaim in the civil counterclaim system of Anglo-American law system and civil law system. The Anglo-American law system holds the view of positive expansion of counterclaim, and advocates to settle disputes as soon as possible through the counterclaim system. The civil counterclaim system in the countries of civil law system has the characteristics of negative limitation, which aims to simplify the procedure and shorten the litigation cycle, but in recent years, The concept and regulation of counterclaim system in the two legal system countries have provided the feasibility and advanced reference for the construction and perfection of the civil counterclaim system in China. Reviewing the current situation of China's Civil counterclaim system, With the promulgation of the Supreme people's Court's interpretation of the Application of the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China on 2015 (hereinafter referred to as the interpretation of the Civil procedure Law), the constitution of the counterclaim system is stipulated in detail. Legislative omissions have been remedied to a certain extent, but in the value of the counterclaim system, There are still many imperfections in the subject of counterclaim and the objective elements of counterclaim. Through the analysis of the judgment of the people's court on dealing with the problems related to counterclaim, we can see that. The current situation of the civil counterclaim system in the judicial operation is not optimistic, the application rate of the counterclaim system is low, and the judges' discretion is too large to be solved. Through the analysis of the present situation and the problems of the civil counterclaim system in our country, we can see that, It is necessary and urgent to perfect the civil counterclaim system of our country. The construction of a system should be guided by basic ideas, and so should the counterclaim system. At the same time, considering the present situation of the development of civil action and the international trend of the expansion of the right to counterclaim, China should base itself on the national conditions and adhere to the concept of moderate expansion. Under the guidance of the basic thought of "balance and expansion", aiming at the disadvantages of the civil counterclaim system in the process of legislation and judicial application in our country, at the same time drawing lessons from the advanced systems of foreign countries, This paper puts forward the concrete conception to perfect the civil counterclaim system of our country, proposes to introduce the compulsory counterclaim system, and gives some thoughts and suggestions on the expansion of counterclaim right, the re-counterclaim system, and the interpretation obligation of the judge, etc.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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