论我国监狱保外就医制度的完善

发布时间：2018-03-06 12:04

本文选题：保外就医　切入点：罪犯　出处：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：保外就医制度是我国长期存在的一种刑罚执行变通制度,结合我国《刑法》、《刑事诉讼法》、《监狱法》等相关法律条文总结得出保外就医的定义,是指被判处有期徒刑、拘役的罪犯出现符合法律规定的《保外就医严重疾病范围》的严重疾病,司法机关医院无法有效阻止疾病恶化,而由保证人按法定程序将罪犯带离关押场所至社会医院就医,是对罪犯的一种特殊处遇方式,是罪犯暂予监外执行的重要原因。保外就医制度从人本主义出发,符合国际上刑罚宽和化的趋势,体现了国际人道主义精神。在刑罚执行过程中,保外就医制度的适用对保障和维护罪犯的应有权利、减轻监狱压力、维护监管秩序、促进监狱和谐发展都起到了积极作用。但是,随着社会的发展、文明的进步以及国际间的交流增多,罪犯结构发生了变化,人们维权意识的增强、法律、法规固有的滞后性出现、规章制度的不健全,执法人员的违法行为等等,使得保外就医制度在实践中所带来的益处渐渐掩盖于其所造成的不良影响中。近年来,以逃避刑罚处罚为目的违法保外就医案件层出不穷,本是为维护重病罪犯的生命健康而设立的特殊规定被一些投机者作为逃避监禁和改造的保护伞,致使保外就医的存在必要性受到了广大民众的质疑,成为某些不法分子挑战法律权威的一个工具,也成为外国敌对势力质疑我国法律缺乏公平正义的一个借口。除了新闻媒体广泛关注的与执法人员权钱交易有关的保外就医问题,其实还有许多保外就医中出现的问题值得关注,比如保外未就医、保外就医办理过程中死亡、保外就医后脱管漏管、保外就医后立即死亡、罪犯亲属以保外就医为由要挟监狱支付医疗费及生活费、保外就医期间社区提请收监材料不准确等等。这些问题的存在反映了目前的保外就医制度存在明显缺陷,在司法实践中造成了许多不良影响,有关于保外就医制度的方方面面需要加以修改和完善。笔者作为一名监狱中心医院的医务工作者,长期在临床科室工作,亲眼目睹了一个个罪犯因生病在死亡线上挣扎,对于疾病、对于罪犯的身心伤害有着更深刻的体会,无论是从监狱及监狱医院的有序运行角度来看,还是从罪犯权益保障方面看,保外就医制度的存在都有着不可忽视的作用。因此,笔者通过总结保外就医制度的现实意义,从保外就医运行失当的各种现象出发,结合监狱医院工作实际对现实案例进行分析,借助有利的工作环境调研相关数据,找出问题产生的具体原因,借鉴国外的一些做法,以期通过完善相关法律规定、制定统一详实的保外就医执行标准、完善保外就医监督机制、建立良好的狱内就医条件、改革罪犯医疗保障制度等方面,试图让保外就医制度能够进一步消除其现有的缺陷,继续发挥其积极作用。
[Abstract]:Medical parole system is a kind of punishment in our country long-standing implementation flexibility system, combined with China's "criminal law", "Criminal Procedure Law > >, < the prison law and other relevant legal provisions summarize the definition of medical parole, is sentenced to imprisonment, criminal detention of serious diseases in accordance with the law" for medical treatment range of serious diseases >, judicial organs hospital can not effectively prevent disease progression, but by the guarantor according to legal procedures will be taken away from the criminal detention place to community hospital, is a special kind of criminal case, is an important reason for temporary criminal probation. Medical parole system from the angle of view in line with the international lenification trend, reflecting the international humanitarian spirit. In the process of execution of punishment, parole system should be applicable to protect and safeguard the rights of criminals, alleviate the pressure of prison and maintenance supervision rank In order to promote the harmonious development of the prison, have played a positive role. However, with the development of society, the progress of civilization and the international exchange increased, changed the criminal structure, enhanced awareness of people's rights protection laws, regulations lagging, inadequate regulations, law enforcement officers of illegal behavior and so on. The medical parole system brings benefits in practice gradually covered by the adverse effects caused by it. In recent years, in order to escape punishment for the purpose of illegal medical parole is the special provisions cases emerge in an endless stream, set up to maintain the health and life of ill offenders by some speculators as the umbrella to escape imprisonment and transformation. The baowaijiuyi necessity questioned by the majority of the people, has become a tool for some criminals to challenge the authority of the law, has also become a hostile foreign forces question in our country Law is lack of fairness and justice. In addition to an excuse for news media attention and the law enforcement staff bartering related medical problems, in fact there are many medical treatment issues of concern, such as not released for medical treatment, medical treatment for the process of death, medical parole off after the drain pipe, for medical treatment immediately after death that family members of prisoners on medical parole to blackmail prison for medical expenses and living expenses, medical treatment during the community material is not accurate and so on. To draw the existence of these problems reflect the current medical parole system has obvious defects, caused many adverse effects in the judicial practice, on medical parole in all aspects of the system need to be modified and perfect. As a center of the prison hospital medical workers, long-term work in the clinical departments, witnessed a criminal in death due to illness Dying of the disease, has a more profound experience for criminals to physical and psychological harm, whether from the angle of the orderly operation of prisons and prison hospital, or from the aspect of criminal rights protection, medical parole system existence has a role can not be ignored. Therefore, the author summarized the significance of medical parole system the starting from the phenomena of improper operation of medical treatment, combined with the actual work of the prison hospital to analyze real cases, with favorable working environment related research data, identify the specific causes of the problem, to borrow some practices in foreign countries, in order to improve the relevant laws and regulations, formulate a unified and detailed baowaijiuyi executive standard, perfect the medical parole supervision mechanism, establish a good prison medical conditions, medical insurance system reform of criminals and so on, trying to make the medical parole system can further eliminate Its existing defects continue to play its positive role.

【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.7

【参考文献】