我国公证债权文书强制执行制度研究

发布时间：2018-03-13 00:38

本文选题：公证债权文书　切入点：强制执行　出处：《郑州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：强制执行理论研究在当今解决“执行难”问题的大背景下显得尤为重要。我国法律规定的执行依据包括经过公证的债权文书,这类文书具有债权债务关系明确、债务人就强制执行的不利后果作出承诺的特点。因此,立足于节约司法资源、减轻当事人诉累的考量,我国确立了公证债权文书强制执行制度。制度运行已逾30年,通过调研考察法院公证债权文书强制执行的立案率、法院执行率、文书合同类型、标的金额,以及与一线法官进行访谈后发现:实践中出现公证强制执行适用率低、公证机构文书制作不规范和审查不严谨影响强制执行、综合授信合同能否强制效力不确定等问题。在最高院决心解决“执行难”问题的背景下,这些问题如不及时解决,不仅不利于实现立法功能,对公证公信力建设也无所裨益。从立法层面来看,关于此制度的规定并不完善,且规定多散落于不同位阶的规范条文当中,没有形成完整的制度体系。综上问题究其原因,不仅有公证员队伍定位和建设上的缺失,也有公证机构和法院在协调联动机制上的不畅。鉴于其并不是我国本土生长的制度,因此对域外国家关于此问题的产生、发展研究必不可少。不仅为我国的制度设计提供蓝本,更是吸取经验、完善缺失的理想参照。两大法系关于此制度的规定有明显的不同,大陆法系相较英美法系对该制度更为重视,公证行为更是许多法律关系生效的必要条件,而英美法系国家多倾向于形式上的效力。结合我国国情,应在《强制执行法》立法中设专章就制度进行系统性的梳理整合。同时,对于现行执行管辖的规定应有所突破。实践中,关于近年来证书审核制度的改革和综合授信合同是否能够赋予强制执行效力的问题,各地做法应保持统一。同时理念上树立公证员司法辅助人员的角色定位,不仅增强自身责任意识,也扩大制度宣传提高使用率。
[Abstract]:The research of enforcement theory is particularly important in the background of solving the problem of "difficult execution". The enforcement basis of our country's laws includes notarized creditor's rights documents, which have a clear relationship between creditor's rights and liabilities. Therefore, based on the consideration of saving judicial resources and reducing litigants' burden, our country has established the system of compulsory enforcement of notarized creditor's rights instrument, which has been running for more than 30 years. Through the investigation and investigation of the filing rate, the court execution rate, the contract type, the target amount and the interview with the first-line judge, it is found that the application rate of notarization enforcement is low in practice. In the context of the Supreme Court's determination to solve the problem of "difficult execution", if these problems are not solved in a timely manner, such problems as the non-standard production of notary documents and the lack of rigorous examination will affect the enforcement, and whether the comprehensive credit contract can be enforced is uncertain. Not only is it not conducive to the realization of the legislative function, nor is it beneficial to the construction of the public trust of notarization. From the legislative level, the provisions on this system are not perfect, and the provisions are often scattered among the normative provisions of different levels. The reasons for the above problems are not only the lack of notaries' position and construction, but also the lack of coordination and linkage mechanism between notaries and courts. Therefore, it is necessary to develop research on this issue in foreign countries. It not only provides a blueprint for the system design of our country, but also draws lessons from experience and consummates the missing ideal reference. There are obvious differences in the provisions of this system between the two major legal systems. Civil law system pays more attention to this system than Anglo-American law system, notarization is a necessary condition for many legal relations to take effect, and Anglo-American law system countries tend to form effect. A special chapter should be set up in the legislation of the Enforcement Law to systematically sort out and integrate the system. At the same time, there should be a breakthrough in the existing provisions of enforcement jurisdiction. With regard to the reform of the certificate audit system in recent years and the question of whether the comprehensive credit contract can give enforcement effect, the local practices should be unified. At the same time, the concept of establishing the role of notary judicial assistant personnel, Not only enhance their own sense of responsibility, but also expand the system of publicity to improve the utilization rate.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.6

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