西北边疆地区农民合作社与宗族参与村委会选举比较研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 15:30

本文选题：封闭型　切入点：开放型　出处：《兰州大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：村民自治制度是中国政治在乡村层面的民主实践,开启了村民个体以民主选举形式自主管理村庄事务的新时代,改变了乡村传统治理方式,村委会选举成为公共权力民主性的体现和个体表达利益诉求的制度化渠道,被视为评判村庄自治成果的衡量标准。在国家现代化发展的社会背景下,转型时期的中国农村选举制度正面临着复杂变化。文章主要从三部分研究村域内传统宗族与新型农民合作社的组织力量博弈,对村委会选举的竞选格局及村庄治理结构产生的影响。第一部分:第一章通过对农民合作社和宗族的相关文献梳理,厘清当前农民合作社和宗族政治参与的研究现状,揭示中国乡土社会正在经历着“半熟人社会”的深刻巨变,差序格局的旧伦理逐渐消亡,民主制度成为重建农村秩序的主要制度选择。鉴于中国村庄的复杂性,文章在第二章通过对西北边疆地区土地开发不充分,移民人口众多的特点分析,依据村庄边界和封闭与开放社会的理论基础,将村庄划分为开放型村庄和封闭型村庄。第二部分:第三章和第四章分别从定性和定量两个角度研究不同村庄类型内宗族和农民合作社对村委会选举的影响。在定性分析中,文章从社会特征差异性入手,构建了一个由社区记忆和农业产业化两个维度组成的社会关系网络与村委会选举分析模型,通过案例研究发现,在封闭型村庄,宗族强,合作社弱,宗族势力在村委会选举中具有优势;而在开放型村庄,合作社强,宗族弱,农民合作社在选举中占据优势。定量分析中,文章依据10个县20个乡镇的调查数据,通过对村委会选举的过程性研究,运用层次分析法构建了测量村委会选举行动力的指标体系,比较了在不同类型村庄农民合作社与宗族参与村委会选举的行动力差异,进一步深化了开放型村庄农民合作社参与村委会选举行动力高于宗族,封闭型村庄宗族参与村委会选举行动力高于农民合作社的研究结论。第三部分:文章在第五章运用多元层次回归模型从个人组织特征、民主构建、利益相关性认知三个方面探讨了在开放型村庄影响合作社成员村委会选举行动力的内部因素。计量结果显示,合作社成员的入社年数、接受合作社服务、参与合作社民主选举、民主管理、民主监督活动以及利益相关性认知均对社员的选举行动力产生正向影响作用,并利用社员组织身份的分组样本证实了结论的稳健性。因此可以说,推动农民合作社发展有利于重构村庄民主新秩序,从深层挖掘推动基层民主发展进程的主干力量,改善村庄治理格局。
[Abstract]:The system of villager autonomy is a democratic practice of Chinese politics at the rural level, which opens a new era of independent management of village affairs by villagers in the form of democratic election, and changes the traditional way of rural governance. The election of village committee becomes the embodiment of democracy of public power and the institutionalized channel of individual expression of interests and demands, and it is regarded as the standard to judge the achievement of village autonomy. In the period of transition, China's rural election system is facing complex changes. The influence on the election pattern of village committee election and the structure of village governance. The first part: the first chapter, through combing the relevant documents of peasant cooperative and clan, clarifies the current research status of peasant cooperative and clan political participation. It is revealed that China's local society is undergoing a profound change of "semi-acquaintance society", the old ethics of the pattern of differential order is gradually dying out, and the democratic system has become the main institutional choice for re-establishing rural order. In view of the complexity of Chinese villages, In the second chapter, based on the analysis of the characteristics of inadequate land development and large immigrant population in the Northwest Frontier region, based on the theoretical basis of the village boundary and the closed and open society, The second part: chapter three and chapter 4th, respectively, from qualitative and quantitative perspectives, to study the influence of clan and farmer cooperative in different village types on village committee election. Starting with the difference of social characteristics, this paper constructs a social relationship network and village committee election analysis model, which consists of two dimensions of community memory and agricultural industrialization. Through case studies, it is found that in closed villages, clans are strong. Cooperatives are weak and clan forces have advantages in village committee elections, while in open villages, cooperatives are strong, clan is weak, and peasant cooperatives occupy an advantage in elections. In quantitative analysis, the article bases on the survey data of 20 villages and towns in 10 counties. Through the study of the process of village committee election, this paper constructs an index system to measure the village committee election action ability by using the analytic hierarchy process, and compares the difference of the village farmers' cooperative and clan participating in the village committee election in different types of villages. It has further deepened the participation of open village farmers' cooperatives in the election of village committees, which is more active than the clans. The conclusion of closed village clan participating in village committee election is higher than that of farmer cooperative. The third part: in chapter 5th, the author uses the multilevel regression model to construct democracy from the characteristics of individual organization. This paper discusses the internal factors that influence the ability of election of the village committee of cooperative members in open villages from three aspects of cognition of interest relevance. The results show that the number of years of membership of cooperative members, the number of years of membership of cooperative members, and the participation of cooperative members in democratic election of cooperatives, Democratic management, democratic supervision activities and cognition of interest relevance all have a positive effect on the election action of members, and confirm the robustness of the conclusion by using the grouping sample of membership identity. Promoting the development of peasant cooperatives is conducive to reconstructing the new order of democracy in villages, digging up the main forces that promote the process of democratic development at the grass-roots level, and improving the pattern of village governance.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D422.6

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