基于模糊综合评价方法的老年日间照料服务质量评价研究

发布时间：2018-04-12 06:36

本文选题：社区居家养老 + 日间照料　；参考：《河北经贸大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：20世纪80年代,在改革开放政策的推动下,我国经济的发展速度逐年增长,国民生活质量明显改善,医疗水平大幅提高,因此人们的平均寿命得到整体延长。除此之外,计划生育政策的实施,使我国老年人口总数所占的全国人口总数的比例不断攀升,养老问题已发展为影响我国社会安定的突出问题。人口老龄化的加剧和“421”型家庭数量的不断增加,使家庭的养老负担过重;受传统的养老观念、经济负担和供需矛盾的影响,机构养老也面临着诸多难以解决的弊端。社区居家养老则结合了家庭养老和机构养老的优点,它的突出优势是可以有效整合社区内的各种资源,为老年人提供优质的养老服务。因此受到了政府和社会的青睐,政府和社会各种力量的支持使之得到迅速发展。近年来,石家庄市老龄化、高龄化趋势越来越明显,空巢老人数量不断增加,老年群体的日常生活照料、医疗保健、精神文化需求日益凸显,然而目前养老服务的供给还不能满足这种日益增长的养老需求,养老服务供给不足给家庭和社会带来诸多问题和挑战。2011年8月,石家庄市政府办公厅为解决人口老龄化带来的的养老难题,推动养老事业快速发展,印发了《关于加快推进养老服务体系建设的意见》,该意见指出了推进养老服务体系建设的目标,即到2015年底,基本建立与经济社会发展相协调、与人口老龄化进程相适应,以居家养老为基础、社区服务为依托、机构养老为补充的养老服务体系,该体系具有投资主体多元化、服务方式多样化、服务队伍专业化、居家养老普及化、覆盖城乡等优点。除此之外,该意见还把推进街道(乡镇)综合养老服务中心和社区为老服务站的建设作为任务之一。在这一政策的号召下,2012年10月30日,石家庄市第一家老年日间照料中心——N日间照料中心开始挂牌运营,这是一家专门服务居家老人尤其是空巢老人的日间照料中心。现阶段,我国各个城市都开始探索老年日间照料中心的建设与发展,一些发达的一线城市最早开始创建日间照料中心,如上海、天津等,作为欠发达的二线城市——石家庄也开始建立老年日间照料中心。本研究立足于石家庄市人口众多、老年人口比重大且经济发展水平相对较低的特点,以石家庄N日间照料中心为例,通过调查问卷、无结构访谈、实地观察等方法,在汇总调查问卷数据及访谈内容的基础上,运用模糊综合评价方法对N老年日间照料中心的服务质量进行评价,了解N老年日间照料中心的发展现状与问题,通过借鉴发达国家和地区的经验,并结合石家庄的经济社会发展现况,在构建服务队伍、调整养老观念、构建多元化筹资模式、完善评估监管机制、挖掘老年人人力资源优势等方面提出相关的对策建议,为以后石家庄市老年日间照料中心的发展提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:In the 1980s, with the promotion of the reform and opening up policy, the economic development rate of our country increased year by year, the quality of life of the people obviously improved, the medical treatment level increased substantially, so the average life span of the people was lengthened as a whole.In addition, with the implementation of family planning policy, the proportion of the elderly population in the total population of our country has been rising, and the problem of old-age support has developed into a prominent problem affecting the social stability of our country.With the aggravation of population aging and the increasing number of 421 type families, the burden of providing for the aged is too heavy for the family, and the institutional old-age support is faced with many problems which are difficult to solve because of the traditional concept of the aged, the economic burden and the contradiction between supply and demand.Community at home pension combines the advantages of family pension and institutional pension, its outstanding advantage is that it can effectively integrate all kinds of resources in the community, and provide high-quality old-age services for the elderly.As a result, it is favored by the government and society, and the support of various forces of the government and society makes it develop rapidly.In recent years, the trend of aging and aging in Shijiazhuang is more and more obvious, the number of empty nesters is increasing, the daily life care, medical care and spiritual and cultural needs of the elderly are increasingly prominent.However, at present, the supply of old-age services cannot meet the increasing demand for the aged, and the insufficient supply of old-age services has brought many problems and challenges to families and society. In August 2011,The General Office of the Shijiazhuang Municipal Government has promoted the rapid development of the pension industry in order to solve the problem of providing for the aged brought about by the aging of the population.The opinion on speeding up the construction of the old-age service system was issued and published, which pointed out the goal of promoting the construction of the old-age service system, that is, by the end of 2015, it will be basically coordinated with economic and social development and adapted to the aging process of the population.The pension service system, which is based on home pension, supported by community service and supplemented by institutional pension, has the advantages of diversification of investment subject, diversification of service mode, specialization of service team, popularization of home pension, coverage of urban and rural areas and so on.In addition, the opinion also promoted the street (township) comprehensive old-age service center and community for the old service station as Ren Wuzhi.Under the call of this policy, on October 30, 2012, the first day care center for the elderly in Shijiazhuang City, the N day care center, which is a special day care center for the elderly at home, especially for the empty nesters, began to be put on the market.At this stage, every city in China has begun to explore the construction and development of day-care centers for the elderly. Some first-tier developed cities have started to establish day-care centers, such as Shanghai, Tianjin, and so on.Shijiazhuang, an underdeveloped second-tier city, also started to set up day care centers for the elderly.Based on the characteristics of Shijiazhuang with large population, large proportion of elderly population and relatively low level of economic development, this study takes Shijiazhuang N day care center as an example, through questionnaire, unstructured interview, field observation and other methods.On the basis of collecting questionnaire data and interview contents, the service quality of N day care center for the elderly was evaluated by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, and the present situation and problems of the development of N day care center for the elderly were understood.Through drawing lessons from the experience of developed countries and regions and combining with the current situation of economic and social development in Shijiazhuang, this paper tries to establish a service team, adjust the concept of old-age support, construct a diversified financing model, and improve the evaluation and supervision mechanism.In order to provide reference for the development of day care center for the elderly in Shijiazhuang city, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions on exploiting the advantages of human resources for the elderly.
【学位授予单位】：河北经贸大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.6

【参考文献】