我国刑事错案追责制度完善研究

发布时间：2018-04-20 19:29

本文选题：刑事错案 + 刑事错案追责　；参考：《天津商业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文的研究对象是刑事错案追责制度的完善,关于刑事错案追究制度没有明确统一的法律规定,主要的立法规定散见于各个单行的法律法规或者部门规章之中,未形成统一的刑事错案追责制度,因此无法统一进行法律适用。关于该制度的规定欠缺刑事错案追责的程序立法,在追责过程中,追责机关自由的选择追责的程序,造成程序的混乱模糊。目前,我国正在进行如火如荼的司法改革,刑事错案的问题也一次次的引起人们广泛的关注,一旦错案被曝光就会引起广泛的讨论。对于刑事错案研究较多的是刑事错案应当怎样进行预防的问题,但是预防刑事错案的发生只是刑事错案研究的一个方面,对刑事错案的研究应向刑事错案的责任追究制度投向更多的目光,加强刑事错案的追责力度,这对于预防刑事错案也是非常有益的。刑事错案发生之后不仅仅应当在“名义上”进行纠正,而必须将具体的责任落实到有过错的人员身上。本文在前言部分对刑事错案追责制度建立的社会背景进行分析,阐述这一制度建立的必要性和制度建立的意义。第一章主要阐述刑事错案追责制度的两个基本问题,首先,在目前的理论界,对刑事错案追责制度应否存在是有争议的,肯定的观点认为这项制度的建立符合权责统一的理论,同时有利于对司法权进行监督,否定的观点认为,建立刑事错案追责制度,不利于司法独立精神的实现,容易滋生司法不作为。其次,关于刑事错案追责制度与国家赔偿制度之间的关系在认识上人们存在一些误区,本文对这个问题也进行了阐述。第二章对刑事错案追责制度的相关概念进行解释,刑事错案追责制度的建立,最关键的无疑就是刑事错案的概念,因为这关系到一个案件能否被确定为刑事错案的定性问题。同时本文将对刑事错案责任的构成体系进行分析,以甄别哪些案件应当作为错案对其进行责任追究,防止将不应当追责的案件纳入追责的范围。本文第三章简述了西方国家对司法人员的惩戒制度,通过域外制度的分析以期选择可以借鉴的因素,帮助我国建立完善的刑事错案追责制度。最后是刑事错案制度完善的具体措施,也是本文的重点部分,主要从刑事错案追责制度的启动主体、刑事错案追责的程序运行、刑事错案追责制度追责范围、刑事错案责任承担形式这几个方面进行阐述,以期形成完整的刑事错案追责制度的框架。总而言之,就是要建立统一规范的刑事错案追责制度体系,防止法律适用的混乱。这样才能做到“有错必有责”,彰显社会公正,弘扬法治精神。在依法治国的大背景之下,该制度的完善将使法治的理念更加深入人心。
[Abstract]:The object of this study is the perfection of the system of pursuing criminal misdemeanours. There are no clear and uniform legal provisions on the system of investigating criminal errors. The main legislative provisions are scattered among the individual laws and regulations or departmental regulations. There is no uniform system of criminal malpractice, so it is impossible to apply the law uniformly. The provisions of this system lack of procedural legislation for the prosecution of criminal misdemeanours. In the process of pursuing responsibility, the free choice of the procedures of the accountability agencies results in confusion of the procedures. At present, our country is carrying on the judicial reform in full swing, the problem of the criminal wrong case also causes the widespread concern time and again, once the wrong case is exposed, will cause the widespread discussion. For the study of criminal error cases, it is more about how to prevent them, but the prevention of the occurrence of criminal wrong cases is only one aspect of the study of criminal wrong cases. The research on the criminal wrong case should pay more attention to the system of investigating the responsibility of the criminal wrong case, and strengthen the pursuit of the criminal wrong case, which is also very beneficial to the prevention of the criminal wrong case. After the occurrence of criminal error, it should not only be corrected in nominal terms, but also should be put into practice to the person who is at fault. In the preface of this paper, the author analyzes the social background of the establishment of the criminal misdemeanor system, and expounds the necessity of the establishment of the system and the significance of the establishment of the system. The first chapter mainly expounds two basic problems of the system of pursuing criminal misdemeanor. Firstly, in the current theoretical circle, it is controversial whether there should be a criminal misdemeanor system. The positive view is that the establishment of this system accords with the unified theory of power and responsibility. At the same time, it is beneficial to the supervision of judicial power. The negative view is that the establishment of the system of pursuing responsibility in criminal cases is not conducive to the realization of the spirit of judicial independence, and it is easy to breed judicial inaction. Secondly, there are some misunderstandings about the relationship between the system of pursuing criminal malpractice and the system of national compensation. The second chapter explains the related concepts of the criminal misdemeanor system. The most important thing in the establishment of the criminal misdemeanor system is undoubtedly the concept of the criminal wrong case, because it is related to whether a case can be determined as the qualitative problem of the criminal wrong case. At the same time, this paper will analyze the constitution system of the responsibility of the criminal wrong case, in order to identify which cases should be investigated as the wrong cases, and prevent the cases that should not be pursued with the scope of the pursuit of responsibility. The third chapter briefly describes the western countries' disciplinary system for judicial personnel, through the analysis of the extraterritorial system in order to choose the factors that can be used for reference, to help our country to establish a perfect system of criminal misdemeanor. Finally, it is the specific measures to perfect the criminal mismatch system, which is also the key part of this paper. It mainly starts from the starting subject of the criminal mismatch system, the procedure operation of the criminal misdemeanor system, and the scope of the criminal misdemeanor pursuit system. In order to form a complete framework of criminal misdemeanor system, this paper expounds the forms of criminal misdemeanor responsibility. In a word, it is necessary to establish a unified and standardized system of criminal misdemeanor to prevent confusion in the application of the law. Only in this way can we achieve "mistakes and responsibilities", highlight social justice and promote the spirit of rule of law. Under the background of ruling the country by law, the perfection of this system will make the idea of rule of law more popular.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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