毒品犯罪的情境预防研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 03:18

本文选题：毒品犯罪 + 犯罪预防　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：毒品犯罪犹如社会毒瘤,严重危害、破坏着人类社会。一直以来,我国采取社会预防、刑罚预防等犯罪预防措施,对预防毒品犯罪虽起到了一定作用,但并未有效遏制毒品犯罪高发的势头。情境预防基于对传统犯罪预防的反思,将犯罪预防研究的重点转向犯罪行为,通过揭示犯罪行为发生的规律,对引起犯罪动机产生和促使动机过渡到行为的外在情势进行干涉与控制,从而真正降低犯罪发生的几率,达到预防犯罪的目的。情境预防措施具有突出的可操作性,可极大地降低犯罪成本,应用于毒品犯罪预防具有积极的现实意义。情境预防的思路是通过对情境因素的分析,从情境的角度探寻情境与犯罪行为发生的关系,再以控制情境因素为途径避免或者阻止容易产生犯罪的情境出现或采取培养阻却情境出现的方式来预防犯罪。犯罪生成的情境因素具有两个功能,一是诱发犯罪动机形成,二是促使动机转化为行为。据此,在毒品犯罪这一类型犯罪中,亦存在影响犯罪动机形成的情境因素与促使犯罪动机转化为行为的情境因素。具体可将毒品犯罪情境因素分为社会情境因素与物理情境因素,社会情境因素包括基础生活背景、人际关系因素、生活事件因素,物理情境因素包括对象、时空、社会控制疏漏因素。毒品犯罪情境因素发挥作用的机理是以犯罪动机的形成、动机转化为行为作为两个关键的节点。具体为生活背景诱发需要,需要在人际交往中得到加强,在生活事件的影响下形成动机;目标因素使动机明确化,时空因素使得动机得以加强,蓄势待发,社会控制疏漏促使动机转化为行为。相应地,毒品犯罪情境预防的路径为抑制犯罪动机形成、阻止已有犯罪动机转化为行为。抑制犯罪动机形成的关键是通过采取措施使个体需要无法激化,保持正常。主要围绕减少犯罪刺激这一情境预防措施展开,通过改造生活背景,引导个体健康生活,弱化不良需要;干预人际交往,消除同伴压力带来的不良影响;减少生活刺激,调节需要以使其正常。阻止犯罪动机转化为行为的关键则是通过对目标、时空、社会控制疏漏等物理情境因素进行控制,消除死角,使其传递出风险加大、机会减少、收益降低、借口排除等不易得逞、不利于犯罪的信息,从而影响潜在犯罪人的选择,使其“不能犯或不敢犯”而放弃实施犯罪行为。
[Abstract]:Drug crime is like a social cancer, seriously endangering and destroying human society. The crime prevention measures, such as social prevention and penalty prevention, have played a certain role in preventing drug crimes, but they have not effectively contained the high incidence of drug crimes. Based on the reflection of traditional crime prevention, situational prevention turns the focus of crime prevention research to criminal behavior, and by revealing the law of criminal behavior, In order to reduce the probability of crime and achieve the purpose of crime prevention, the author interferes and controls the external situation that causes the motive of crime and causes the motive to transition to behavior. Situational preventive measures have outstanding maneuverability, can greatly reduce the cost of crime, and have positive practical significance in drug crime prevention. The idea of situational prevention is to explore the relationship between situation and crime from the perspective of situation through the analysis of situational factors. Then the way of controlling situational factors is to avoid or prevent the situation that is prone to crime or to prevent crime by cultivating the way of preventing the appearance of situational. The situational factors of crime formation have two functions, one is to induce the formation of criminal motive, the other is to promote the transformation of motive into behavior. Therefore, there are some situational factors which affect the formation of criminal motive and the situational factors that promote the transformation of criminal motive into behavior in the crime of drug crime. The situation factors of drug crime can be divided into social situational factors and physical situational factors. Social situational factors include basic life background, interpersonal relationship factors, life event factors, physical situational factors including objects, time and space. Social control of oversight factors. The mechanism of drug crime situational factors is the formation of criminal motive and the transformation of motive into behavior as two key nodes. It is necessary to strengthen the interpersonal communication and form the motivation under the influence of the life events, the objective factor makes the motivation clear, the space-time factor makes the motivation strengthen, and the motivation is ready to be developed. The omission of social control causes motivation to be transformed into behavior. Accordingly, the path of drug crime situational prevention is to restrain the formation of criminal motive and prevent the existing criminal motive from being transformed into behavior. The key to restrain the formation of criminal motive is to keep the individual needs normal by taking measures. It mainly focuses on the prevention measures of reducing the crime stimulus, through reforming the living background, guiding the individual to live healthily, weakening the bad needs, intervening in the interpersonal communication, eliminating the adverse effects of peer pressure, reducing the life stimulation, Adjustment is required to make it normal. The key to prevent the crime motive from being transformed into behavior is to control the physical situation factors, such as target, time and space, social control omissions and so on, to eliminate the dead angle, so as to increase the risk, reduce the opportunity and reduce the income. Excuses such as exclusion are not easy to succeed, which is not conducive to crime information, thus affecting the choice of potential offenders, making them "can not or dare not to commit" and give up the criminal act.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D917.6

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