网络时代突发性公共安全事故中的舆论应对研究

发布时间：2018-04-25 21:28

本文选题：网络时代 + 公共安全事故　；参考：《西南交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着我国经济和社会转型进入关键时期,以及工业化、城镇化的快速发展,各种突发性公共安全事故在我国频繁发生,各级政府在应对突发性公共安全事故舆论危机时往往出现仓促应战、缺乏协调、应对失当等现象,一些严重的舆论危机甚至导致了政府的公众形象受损,致使民众对政府出现信任危机。此外,网络时代的来临,带来了信息的快速传播和信息量呈几何式增长这两个显著特性,由此产生的结果是在突发性公共安全事故发生时,负面信息的产生和扩散速度的倍增,进而造成公众的更大恐慌,加重事故对社会产生的不良影响。在应对突发性公共安全事故舆论危机时,政府作为事故处置的主体,必须采取一系列的策略来引导舆论、消除恐慌、安抚民众,减轻事故对社会情绪带来的负面影响,为事故处置赢得公众的支持。而不当的舆论应对不仅会加重事故的负面影响,还会加深对政府公信力的损害,进而对正常的事故处置工作带来负面干扰。目前我国相对于西方国家,在突发性公共安全事故的舆论应对这一课题上理论研究起步较晚,短板较多。特别是如何在我国建立一套行之有效的突发性公共安全事故舆论应对体系,并在此体系下应用正确的舆论应对策略消除舆论危机这一命题上存在着一定的空白。此外,我国政府突发性公共安全事故舆论应对体系建设目前还处于发展阶段,较为缺乏专业化的舆论应对团队作为支撑,导致各级政府在处置突发性公共安全事故时舆论应对时,往往因缺乏理论支撑、专业分析和具体应对策略而在应对过程中出现许多低级错误,造成不必要的被动局面。因此,要提升我国政府的突发性公共安全事故舆论应对能力,必须要加强突发性公共安全事故舆论应对的理论和案例研究,寻找内在规律,总结经验教训,并尝试由此建立起一套行之有效的危机条件下的舆论应对体系,以更好的为我国政府在应对突发性公共安全事故舆论危机时提供较为有力的帮助和支撑,为我国经济和社会转型提供可靠的公共安全事故舆论应对保障。本研究以网络时代为背景展开,以国内外公共安全事故舆论应对理论和实例为研究素材,对突发性公共安全事故与舆论应对的策略进行论述,为突发性公共安全事故的管理、应对工作提供理论支撑。首先对突发性公共安全事故领域中舆论应对作用的相关理论进行综述,整理归纳突发性安全事故中的舆论应对这一课题在国内外理论研究上的发展历程,并对突发性公共安全事故概念进行界定,对网络舆情的传播特点进行分析,进而梳理出突发性公共安全事故网络舆情的发展脉络,并对政府、媒体、公众在面对突发性公共安全事故时各自的立场和矛盾进行分析总结,提出在高速发展的信息化社会里,媒体是公众的主要信息来源,在事故危机发生过程中,政府必须处理好和媒体、公众的关系,才能更好的开展危机救援和事故处置这一核心观点。并引出在网络时代下舆论应对应注意的几点原则:即尊重公民知情权的原则、建立实时联网监测预警机制的原则、增加信息透明度的原则、快速反应应对负面舆论的原则以及对实际情况坦诚布公的原则。然后在进一步吸收国内外相关的研究成果的基础上,对国外突发性公共安全事故舆论应对典型案例进行分析梳理,归纳总结可供我国借鉴、学习的方面。接下来,选取"东方之星"客轮翻沉事故中我国政府的舆论应对策略进行分析评述,梳理出该起事故舆论应对过程之所以成功的原因和内在规律,总结提炼对构建突发性公共安全事故舆论应对体系的启示。然后,对我国政府突发性公共安全事故舆论应对现状进行分析,梳理当前我国政府在突发性安全事故舆论应对中存在的问题和原因,进而指出我国政府现阶段在处理公共安全事故时应注意的三个重点问题:一是在网络时代试图隐瞒事件真相必将带来更严重的信任危机;二是在舆论应对上一定要有充分的预案准备,预案准备不足,往往会造成行动迟缓,难以在第一时间采取较为有效的策略应对舆论危机;三是一个专业的舆论危机管理应对团队是网络时代舆论危机管理的必要选择。最后,对上述研究进行归纳,整理出建立一个较为完整并行之有效的突发性公共安全事故舆论应对体系应具备的几大基本要素,对专业化舆论应对团队这一担负整个体系运转的机构进行重点构建,并就在该体系下舆论应对策略的具体实施过程、创新机制保障信息沟通渠道以及公众参与模式等问题进行了探讨。由此构建出一套适合我国政府的突发性公共安全事故舆论应对体系,以期促使我国的危机条件下的舆论应对能力建设更加的规范化和制度化,为转型期中国提供可靠的公共安全事故舆论应对保障。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the economic and social transformation of our country entering the key period, as well as the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, all kinds of sudden public safety accidents occur frequently in our country. In response to public opinion crisis of sudden public safety accidents, governments at all levels often appear in rush to fight, lack of coordination, cope with misconduct and so on, some serious public opinion. The crisis even caused the public image of the government to be damaged, causing the people to have a crisis of trust in the government. In addition, the advent of the network era has brought about the rapid spread of information and the geometric growth of the amount of information. The result is the emergence and diffusion of negative information in the occurrence of sudden public security accidents. In response to the crisis of public opinion, the government must take a series of strategies to guide public opinion, eliminate panic, comfort the public and alleviate the negative impact of the accident on the social mood. In order to win public support for the disposal of accidents, improper public opinion should not only aggravate the negative effects of the accident, but also deepen the damage to the government's credibility, and then bring negative interference to the normal handling of the accident. It is late and more short, especially how to establish an effective public opinion response system for sudden public safety accidents in China, and there is a blank in the application of correct public opinion strategy to eliminate public opinion crisis under this system. In addition, the public opinion response system of public public safety accidents in our country At present, the construction is still in the stage of development, the lack of professional public opinion and the support of the team, leading to the government at all levels of public opinion in the disposal of sudden public safety accidents, often due to the lack of theoretical support, professional analysis and specific coping strategies in the process of coping with many low-level mistakes, resulting in unnecessary passive situation. Therefore, in order to improve the public opinion response ability of the government's public safety accidents, we must strengthen the theory and case study of public opinion response to the sudden public safety accident, find the inherent law, sum up the experience and lesson, and try to establish a set of effective public opinion response system under the conditions of danger, so as to better our country The government can provide more powerful help and support in response to public opinion crisis of sudden public safety accidents, and provide reliable public security accident public opinion guarantee for the economic and social transformation of our country. This paper discusses the strategies of public safety accidents and public opinion, and provides theoretical support for the management of sudden public safety accidents. First, it summarizes the relevant theories of public opinion response in the field of sudden public safety accidents, and collects and summarizes the public opinion in sudden safety accidents in the domestic and foreign reasons. The development course of the research is discussed, and the concept of sudden public safety accident is defined, the communication characteristics of network public opinion are analyzed, and then the development of network public opinion of sudden public safety accidents is combed, and the government, the media, the public in the face of sudden public safety accidents are analyzed in general. In the rapid development of the information society, the media is the main source of information for the public. In the course of the accident crisis, the government must deal with the media and the public relations well, and can better carry out the core viewpoint of crisis rescue and accident disposal. And it leads to the principles that should be paid attention to in the network age: that is to say, respect for the public opinion. We should set up the principle of the right to know of the citizens, establish the principle of real-time network monitoring and warning mechanism, increase the principle of information transparency, respond quickly to the principle of negative public opinion and the principle of honesty and honesty to the actual situation. Then, on the basis of further absorbing the relevant research results at home and abroad, the public opinion of sudden public safety accidents in foreign countries should be made. The typical cases are analyzed and combed, and the summary can be used for reference and learning in our country. Next, we select and comment on the public opinion strategy of the Chinese government in the "East Star" passenger ship sinking accident. Then, the present situation of public opinion response to public security accidents in China is analyzed, and the existing problems and reasons of the government's public opinion in the emergency are combed, and the three key questions that our government should pay attention to at the present stage of public safety accidents should be pointed out. The first is that trying to conceal the truth from the event in the network age will bring a more serious crisis of trust; two is that there must be sufficient preparedness for the preplan in the response of public opinion, the preparation of the plan is insufficient and the action is slow, it is difficult to take a more effective strategy to deal with the crisis of public opinion in the first time; and the three is a professional public opinion crisis management. The response team is the necessary choice for the public opinion crisis management in the network era. Finally, the above research is summarized, and several basic elements should be set up to establish a more complete and effective public opinion response system for sudden public safety accidents. The key construction is to discuss the specific implementation process of the public opinion strategy under the system, the information communication channel of the innovation mechanism and the public participation mode and so on. Thus, a set of public opinion response system for the sudden public security accident suitable for the government of our country is constructed so as to promote the public opinion under the crisis conditions in China. Capacity building is more standardized and institutionalized so as to provide reliable support for public safety accidents in China during the transition period.

【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D63

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