大数据时代被遗忘权的法理学研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 14:27

本文选题：大数据 + 被遗忘权　；参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：大数据蕴含着巨大的价值,给人们的日常生活带来了诸多变革,但是与此同时也对个人信息的保护产生了挑战。由于信息存储技术的日臻成熟,几乎所有网络中产生的数据都会被长时间甚至永久地保存下来,而数据挖掘和二次利用更是使我们无处遁形。我们不知道的事情大数据知道,我们知道的事情大数据比我们早知道。以往遗忘是常态而如今记忆变成了常态,一些人们不希望被记住甚至希望被抹去的痕迹也因为大数据存储的出现而可以被轻而易举地查询到。我们需要加强对个人信息的控制,保护我们的信息不被滥用,对不必要的个人信息及时进行删除。因此,大数据时代的被遗忘权就显得尤为关键。被遗忘权是新时代背景下产生出的新兴权利,它是个人对信息加强控制的积极权利。被遗忘权的概念是信息数据的创造者即信息主体,对于在大数据存储当中某些有关自身的失去时效性的信息、发生改变的无用的信息以及涉密的信息,要求数据控制者删除或者模糊处理的权利。本文认为应当将被遗忘权归入人格权的范畴,其中个人信息权属性最为显著,可以作为信息权利的内容加以规定和保护。2012年1月25日欧盟委员会颁布的《通用数据保护条例(草案)》(GDPR草案)中明确提出了“被遗忘权”这一概念。这一概念的提出引起了世界各国的广泛关注以及学界的广泛探讨,也使得大数据时代的遗忘问题成为关注的焦点。在2016年11月7日第十二届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十四次会议通过的《中华人民共和国网络安全法》(以下简称《网络安全法》)中,第四十三条明确规定了在什么情况下信息主体有权要求信息控制者将其相关信息删除,并且在六十四条当中还规定了违反该规定的法律后果。《网络安全法》的出台,标志着被遗忘权在我国的确立及保护取得重大突破。虽然是一种新兴权利,我国学术界亦已经对被遗忘权进行了较为充分的研究。各相关领域的专家学者从各自不同的研究领域和学术角度出发对大数据时代被遗忘权的权利内容、权利属性以及本土化路径进行了论述。其中从部门法角度出发的研究较多,还有学者从传播学视角入手,但从法理学角度进行探究的文章还不多见。法理学是自觉运用反思的方法系统探究法律现象深层次发展规律的一门学问。本文将对被遗忘权权利进行法理学解构,详细研究其概念、权利生成的过程、权利构成及权利性质等问题。文章总共分为三个部分,通过对每一个部分的详细论述逐步完成对被遗忘权的法理学探究。第一部分主要介绍被遗忘权。首先解释什么是被遗忘权以及在大数据当中被遗忘权的权利构成,包括权利的主体和客体以及行使权利的对象等。随后梳理被遗忘权兴起的脉络,伴随着时代的发展,科学技术的更新换代,被遗忘权利的理论内涵以及内容也在发生改变,最后详细阐释大数据时代背景下被遗忘权的特征。第二部分在归纳整合我国学者对于被遗忘权属性研究的基础之上,提出自己的见解。当前学界对于被遗忘权属性主要有“隐私权延伸说”和“个人信息涵盖说”两种主流观点。当前世界各国的立法当中也都能看到相关的规定,且美国等国家与欧盟表现出不同的保护进路,综观我国的现有立法以及最新出台的《网络安全法》,在个人信息权框架下研究被遗忘权属性最为适宜。第三部分主要介绍被遗忘权的行使及保护。从当前权利实现的实际问题入手,结合我国当前立法现状以及域外相关经验,对我国权利的保护进路展开研究。重点在于在什么条件下可以行使被遗忘权,通过什么途径使这一权利得以保护,进而对我国今后的立法完善提出建议。
[Abstract]:Big data has great value, brings many changes to people's daily life, but at the same time, it also challenges the protection of personal information. As the information storage technology is getting mature, almost all the data produced in the network will be preserved for a long time or even permanent, and data mining and the two use are more. The big data we don't know, the big data we know, what we know about big data is earlier than we know. Past forgetting is normal, and now memory becomes normal, some people do not want to be remembered or even want to be erased because of the appearance of large data storage that can be easily searched. It is necessary to strengthen the control of personal information, protect our information from misuse and delete unnecessary personal information in time. Therefore, the right to be forgotten in the era of big data is particularly critical. The right to be forgotten is a new right produced in the new era. It is the right of individual to strengthen control of information. The right to be forgotten is the right to be forgotten. The concept is the creator of information data, which is the subject of information. For the information that has lost timeliness in the large data storage, the useless information and the information involved in the information are changed, and the rights of the data controller to be deleted or the fuzzy processing are required. This article holds that the right to be forgotten should be classified as the category of personality rights. The property of human information is most significant, and it can be defined and protected as the content of information rights. The concept of "the right to be forgotten" is clearly defined in the "General Data Protection Ordinance (Draft)" (Draft) issued by the European Commission in January 25th.2012. The concept has drawn wide attention from all over the world as well as a wide range of academic circles. The discussion also makes the problem of oblivion in the era of big data a focus. In the twenty-fourth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Twelfth National People's Congress in November 7, 2016, the People's Republic of China network security law (hereinafter referred to as < network security law >), forty-third clearly defined the information owner under what circumstances. The body has the right to request the information controller to delete the relevant information, and in the sixty-four article also stipulates the legal consequences of violation of the provisions. The introduction of the network security law indicates that the right to be forgotten has made a major breakthrough in the establishment and protection of our country. Although it is a new right, the academic circle of our country has also carried out a comparison of the right to be forgotten. In order to make a full study, experts and scholars from various fields have discussed the right content, the right attribute and the localization path of the right to be forgotten in the big data age from different research fields and academic angles. There are few articles on the exploration. Jurisprudence is a study of the systematic exploration of the law of the deep development of legal phenomena by using the method of reflection. This article will deconstruct the jurisprudence of the right to be forgotten, study its concept, the process of generating rights, the constitution of rights and the nature of rights and interests. The article is divided into three parts. The first part mainly introduces the right to be forgotten. First, it explains what is the right to be forgotten and the right to be forgotten in the large data, including the subject and object of the right and the object of exercising the rights and interests. Then, the rise of the right to forget the right of forgetting. With the development of the times, the renewal of the science and technology, the theoretical connotation and the content of the forgotten rights are also changed. Finally, the characteristics of the right to be forgotten in the background of the big data age are explained in detail. The second part puts forward his own views on the basis of the integration of the scholars in China on the study of the right to be forgotten. The former academics have two main views on the right to be forgotten, including "the extension of privacy" and "personal information coverage". The relevant provisions can be seen in the current legislation of all countries in the world, and the United States and other countries have shown different ways to protect them, looking at the existing legislation in China and the latest "network security". The third part mainly introduces the exercise and protection of the right to be forgotten. Starting with the actual problems of the current rights, combining with the current legislation and the relevant experience in our country, the research on the protection of the rights of our country is carried out. The emphasis is on the conditions under what conditions. In order to protect this right through exercising the right of oblivion, we will give some suggestions to improve our legislation in the future.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D90

【参考文献】