农村留守儿童家庭监护能力调查及对策研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 20:36

本文选题：农村留守儿童 + 家庭监护能力　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着改革开放和我国城市化建设的不断发展,城市和农村之间经济发展严重不平衡,导致城乡地区经济发展差异大,农民收入微薄。为了增加家庭收入和提高物质生活水平,越来越多的农民向城市流动,引起大量劳动力由农村转移到城市,同时造成大量务工人员与家庭分离。因为农民工自身受到文化水平等条件限制,只能从事简单的体力劳动,收入很难支撑在城市买房,不得不将子女留在农村生活和学习,多数由祖辈进行监护和教养,进而产生“留守儿童”群体和隔代监护。留守儿童问题是社会变迁中重要的社会问题之一,它给国家和社会治理带来挑战。在农村,越来越多的父母选择去外地打工,在外务工的父母虽然能够给留守儿童带来物质上的支持,但是在监护、家庭教育等生活和精神层面存在缺失。相比非留守儿童,留守儿童因为缺少至亲的陪伴和监护,因此在个人成长过程中更容易出现不利的问题,比如人身安全缺乏保障、学习成绩差、情绪低落、逃学、叛逆等,严重地甚至会走上违法犯罪的道路。留守儿童的家庭监护缺失问题已经十分紧迫,需要得到全社会的高度重视。留守儿童多数家庭选择隔代监护,儿童在生活上也会出现较多问题。因为留守儿童的祖辈多数文化水平低且忙于农活,对孩子的监护只停留在吃饱穿暖方面,并且父母外出务工导致核心家庭结构不完整,亲子间联系纽带变得松弛,容易出现诸如留守儿童对父母亲情相对淡漠,不善于表达真实情感,安全问题和学业困境等情况。笔者在实践研究中以生态系统理论和帕森斯结构功能主义理论为依据,探析农村留守儿童家庭监护能力现状,了解留守儿童真实的家庭监护生活现状。研究结果显示农村留守儿童家庭监护主要存在三方面缺失:安全问题、心理情绪、人际交往等。因此,解决农村留守儿童家庭监护缺失主要从家庭、社会和政府三方面齐心协力。总之,农村留守儿童家庭监护能力现状需要引起社会和家庭的关注和重视,不断采取措施,为留守儿童提供一个积极健康成长的环境。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of reform and opening up and urbanization construction in China, the economic development between urban and rural areas is seriously unbalanced, leading to a large difference in economic development between urban and rural areas, and a meagre income for farmers. In order to increase the family income and improve the material living standard, more and more farmers move to the city, which results in the transfer of a large number of labor force from the countryside to the city, at the same time, a large number of migrant workers are separated from their families. Because migrant workers are restricted by their own educational level, they can only engage in simple manual labor, and their income is very difficult to support in urban areas. They have to leave their children in rural life and study. Most of them are supervised and educated by their ancestors. And then produce the "children left behind" group and the next generation of guardianship. The problem of left-behind children is one of the most important social problems in social change, which brings challenges to national and social governance. In rural areas, more and more parents choose to go to other places to work, although the parents of migrant workers can bring material support to left-behind children, but in guardianship, family education and other aspects of life and spiritual deficiencies. Compared with non-left-behind children, left-behind children are more likely to have unfavorable problems in the process of personal development, such as lack of personal security, poor academic performance, low mood, truancy, defection and so on, because they lack the companionship and supervision of their closest relatives. Seriously, they will even go on the path of illegal crime. The lack of family guardianship of left-behind children is very urgent and needs the attention of the whole society. Most families of left-behind children choose intergenerational guardianship, and children will also have more problems in life. Because most of the children left behind had a low level of education and were busy with farm work, the custody of their children was confined to food and clothing, and the fact that parents were working outside led to incomplete nuclear family structures and loosened ties between parents and children. Children left behind are likely to be relatively indifferent to their parents, not good at expressing real emotions, safety problems and academic difficulties. Based on the theory of ecosystem and Parsons' structural functionalism, the author analyzes the present situation of the left behind children's family guardianship ability in rural areas and finds out the real situation of the left behind children's family guardianship life. The results show that there are three main deficiencies in the family monitoring of children left behind in rural areas: safety problems, psychological emotions, interpersonal communication and so on. Therefore, to solve the lack of family custody of rural left-behind children mainly from the family, society and government three aspects of concerted efforts. In short, the present situation of rural left-behind children's family guardianship ability needs to arouse the attention and attention of the society and families, and take measures to provide a positive and healthy environment for the left-behind children to grow up.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D669.5

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