人身安全保护令制度的立法完善

发布时间：2018-05-14 01:42

本文选题：家庭暴力 + 人身安全保护令　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：古今中外,家庭暴力一直都是一个棘手的问题。随着社会经济的发展,越来越多的女性实现了经济独立,其社会地位有了较大的提升,从而使坚决抵制家庭暴力的态度逐渐成为大家的共识。从1970年起,国际上逐步通过立法来防治家庭暴力,而我国在这方面的起步较晚。2008年3月,为了让审理家庭暴力案件的法官能有一本专业的法律参考书,最高法颁布了《涉及家庭暴力婚姻案件审理指南》。该指南创设性地设置了 "人身安全保护裁定"这一民事强制措施。但是由于该指南不具备法律效力,在裁判文书中不能直接引用,所以在司法实践中该裁定对于保障离婚诉讼程序的正常进行和受害人及其近亲属的人身安全有一定地限制。2016年3月1日《反家庭暴力法》正式施行,该法是一部集防范、阻止、救济、教育与矫治于一体的社会性法律。它将人身安全保护令制度的合法性确立下来。它修订了保护令的申请前提,即删除了《审理指南》中对人身安全保护裁定提起的限制,受害人不需要依赖于任何诉讼就可以直接向法院提起,加大了对家暴受害人的保护力度,对于防范家庭暴力和维护家庭的团结有划时代的价值。目前,人身安全保护令的施行已有一年多的时间,但是从申请的数量以及执行的效果来看,距离对家庭暴力产生预防和惩治作用的目标还相距甚远。另外,纵观该制度的相关规定,与英美国家的保护令规定对照发现还有可以进一步完善和解释的空间。例如,其中对于家庭暴力的证据规定过于简单、对于受害人的救济措施不够全面、人身安全保护令的执行规定也不够细化。而我国台湾地区早在1998年5月28日出台了《家庭暴力防治法》。该法以美国《家庭暴力示范法》为蓝本,并结合自身的实际情况规定了能有效保护家暴受害人权益的民事保护令制度。其中详细地规定了保护令的种类、执行与法律责任等多个方面的内容,成为亚洲大陆法系中最早完成保护令立法的地区,并于2007年3月5日修正了部分条款。我国台湾地区与大陆系出同源,有着最相近的文化传统和社会环境,其防治家庭暴力的法律制度及实际功效对我国大陆有着重要的参考意义。因此文章对我国大陆地区的人身安全保护令的立法与司法现状进行了探究,并借鉴台湾地区更科学的立法经验,提出完善大陆地区人身安全保护令制度的建议。比如采用有利于受害人的"优势证据"的原则、扩充财产和亲权方面的救济措施、将公安机关定为主要的执行机关等,以期对今后《反家庭暴力法》的立法完善添砖加瓦。
[Abstract]:Domestic violence has always been a thorny problem, both at home and abroad. With the development of social economy, more and more women have realized their economic independence, and their social status has been greatly improved, which makes the attitude of firmly resisting domestic violence gradually become a common understanding. Since 1970, international legislation has been adopted gradually to prevent domestic violence, and in our country, this started relatively late. In March 2008, in order to have a professional legal reference book for judges dealing with domestic violence cases, The Supreme Act promulgated the Guide to hearing cases involving domestic violence in Marriage. The guidelines creatively set up the Civil compulsory measure of personal Protection ruling. However, since the Guide does not have legal effect, it cannot be directly invoked in a judicial instrument. Therefore, in judicial practice, the ruling has certain restrictions on ensuring the normal conduct of the divorce proceedings and the personal safety of the victims and their close relatives. On March 1, 2016, the Anti-domestic violence Law came into effect, which is a set of prevention and prevention. Social law of relief, education and correction. It establishes the legality of habeas corpus system. It amended the application for amparo by removing the restrictions imposed on habeas corpus decisions in the Trials' Guide and allowing victims to bring proceedings directly to the courts without relying on any action. The protection of victims of domestic violence is of epoch-making value for preventing domestic violence and maintaining family unity. At present, habeas corpus has been in effect for more than a year, but from the number of applications and the effect of enforcement, it is far from the goal of preventing and punishing domestic violence. In addition, looking at the relevant provisions of the system, it is found that there is room for further improvement and explanation in comparison with the provisions of the British and American protection orders. For example, the evidentiary provisions on domestic violence are too simple, the remedies for victims are not comprehensive, and the enforcement of habeas corpus is not detailed enough. As early as May 28, 1998, Taiwan issued the domestic violence Prevention and Control Law. This law is based on the American Model Law on domestic violence and provides a civil protection order system which can effectively protect the rights and interests of victims of domestic violence. It specifies in detail the types, enforcement and legal liability of the protection order, and becomes the first region in the continental law system of Asia to complete the protection order legislation, and amended some of the provisions on March 5, 2007. Taiwan and mainland China share the same origin and have the closest cultural tradition and social environment. The legal system and practical effect of preventing and controlling domestic violence have important reference significance to mainland China. Therefore, the article probes into the legislation and judicial status of the personal security protection order in mainland China, and draws lessons from the more scientific legislative experience of Taiwan region, and puts forward some suggestions to perfect the system of personal security protection warrant in mainland China. For example, adopting the principle of "evidence of superiority" in favor of the victim, expanding the relief measures in the respect of property and parental rights, making the public security organ as the main executive organ, etc., in order to perfect the legislation of the Anti-domestic violence Law in the future.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.9

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