大规模数字化著作权规制研究

发布时间：2018-05-14 22:11

本文选题：大规模数字化 + 合理适用　；参考：《河南财经政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：高昂的交易成本是困扰大规模数字化著作权授权的主要因素。一方面大规模数字化往往需要取得海量授权,一对一的授权成本太高;另一方面需要数字化的作品往往经济价值不高,有些甚至是脱销作品、孤儿作品,收益太低。高成本低收益使得大规模数字化寸步难行。即使是财力雄厚的谷歌公司也只能铤而走险,冒险扫描受著作权保护的图书。谷歌图书扫描项目的著作权侵权诉讼戏剧性的彰显了大规模数字化著作权授权困境,案件的审理一波三折,被否决的和解协议以及最后的合理使用判决都留下了司法实践的探讨足迹。案件的审理同时引发了学界和实务界的研究热潮,法定许可、强制性许可、延伸性集体管理、默示许可、著作权集体管理、合理使用作为解决大规模数字化解决著作权难题的可能选项被反复讨论。降低交易成本是解决大规模数字化著作权难题的基本要求。因此有必要探讨影响大规模数字化成本收益的主要因素,分析比较可能的规制选项对成本收益的影响,最后结合国情找到解决的方法。我国在解决大规模数字化困境问题中要坚持以下三个原则,利益平衡、效率原则以及尊重国情。要解决大规模数字化著作权难题最主要的是坚持利益平衡原则,解决扫描机构与文字作品著作权人之间的利益冲突问题。而且对可能的规制选项进行选择时必须能有效提升扫描机构扫描的效率和获得授权的效率。而所有选项的选择在学习国外先进经验的同时必须要以我国现阶段的法律现实国情为基础,最优秀的做法是在我国现有的法律基础上进行有效的改革。针对规制选项的具体讨论最终选出适合我国国情的三种解决方案:第一,改革合理使用规则;基于我国现有的合理使用规则的立法传统,依旧采取列举式,将各种合理使用的情形明确列举出来,但同时必须有相关的弹性条款即构成合理使用必须是为了满足广大使用者的公共利益,而不是单纯的追求经济利益。第二,改革法定许可制度;具体而言就是,对于法定许可支付费用的要求,建立著作权补偿金制度,明确规定补偿金的支付标准并且规定费用由统一的集体管理组织收取。同时规定大规模数字化具有公益性的图书作品实行法定许可从而达到提升授权效率的目的。第三,引进延伸集体管理制度,由中国文字著作权协会作为集体管理组织,对孤儿作品进行集体许可,使用者在获得许可时必须表明使用是否以营利性为目的,以营利为目的就要立即支付赔偿费用,支付的款项由文著协代为收取。
[Abstract]:The high transaction cost is the main factor that puzzles the large-scale digital copyright authorization. On the one hand large-scale digitalization often needs to obtain massive authorization and the cost of one-to-one authorization is too high; on the other hand works that need digitization are often of low economic value some of which are even out of stock and orphan works have too low income. High cost and low income make it difficult to digitize on a large scale. Even deep-pocketed Google can only risk scanning copyrighted books. The copyright infringement lawsuit of the Google Book scanning Project has dramatically highlighted the dilemma of large-scale digital copyright authorization, and the trial of the case has experienced a series of twists and turns. The rejected settlement agreement and the final fair use judgment have left a trail of judicial practice. The trial of the case also triggered a research boom in the academic and practical circles, including legal permission, compulsory licensing, extended collective management, implied licensing, collective copyright management, Rational use is discussed repeatedly as a possible option to solve the problem of copyright in large-scale digitization. Reducing transaction cost is the basic requirement to solve the problem of large-scale digital copyright. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the main factors that affect the cost and income of large-scale digitization, to analyze and compare the possible regulation options on the cost and income, and finally to find the solution according to the national conditions. In solving the problem of large-scale digitization, China should adhere to the following three principles: balance of interests, principle of efficiency and respect for national conditions. In order to solve the problem of large-scale digital copyright, the most important thing is to adhere to the principle of balance of interests and to solve the conflict of interest between the scanning organization and the copyright owner of the text works. Moreover, the possible regulatory options must be able to effectively improve the scanning efficiency and the efficiency of authorization. The choice of all options must be based on the current legal reality of our country while learning foreign advanced experience, and the best way is to carry out effective reform on the basis of the existing laws of our country. According to the specific discussion of the regulation options, three solutions suitable for China's national conditions are finally selected: first, to reform the rules of rational use; based on the existing legislative tradition of the rules of reasonable use in our country, we still take the enumeration formula. All kinds of reasonable use situations are clearly listed, but at the same time there must be relevant flexible clauses, that is, reasonable use must be made to satisfy the public interests of the vast number of users, but not simply to pursue economic interests. Second, reform the legal license system; specifically, for the requirement of legal license payment fee, establish the copyright compensation system, specify the payment standard of compensation and stipulate that the fee shall be collected by the unified collective management organization. At the same time, it prescribes that large-scale digital books and works with public welfare should be licensed by law to improve the efficiency of authorization. Third, the introduction of an extended collective management system, with the Chinese text copyright Association as the collective management organization, for the purpose of collective licensing of orphan works, and the user must indicate when obtaining the license whether the use is for profit or not. For profit, the payment of compensation is made immediately, and the payment is received by the Literary Association.
【学位授予单位】：河南财经政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.41

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