公海保护区的法律规制研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 08:41

本文选题：公海保护区 + 海洋保护区　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公海是位于国家管辖范围以外的区域,尽管现代公海制度中规定了公海保护的内容,但是相比起从公海获取资源利益来说,各国很难投入精力在公海进行资源保护。随着人类在公海活动能力的提升和活动范围的扩大,公海的环境资源情况已发生很大程度上的变化。人类在过度开发和利用公海资源的同时又缺乏对公海环境资源合理的保护,导致目前公海生物多样性可持续发展面临着严峻的挑战。随着公海环境危机的频繁出现,国际社会也逐渐意识到环境恶化对人类生存的威胁,公海环境资源与保护逐渐进入国际社会的视角并为此开展了一系列行动。国际社会就公海环境和资源方面的困境展开了广泛的讨论,公海保护区问题由此进入人们的视野。公海保护区制度虽说是一个新兴的环境法话题,但在国际社会长年宣传和努力之下,这一新兴概念已逐渐被世界各国所承认和接受,已成为当代海洋生态环境保护和管理的主要工具。尽管现有法律中没有关于公海保护区的直接规定,但《海洋法公约》《生物多样性公约》以及其他区域性条约等都间接性地规定了有关公海保护区的内容,实践中在地中海、大西洋和南极地区也建立了三个区域性的公海保护区。本文第二章系统地介绍了有关公海保护区的概念和特征,继而介绍了主要国家对建立公海保护区的立场和态度,为公海保护区区域实践的开展埋下伏笔。随后第三章介绍了有关公海保护区法律规制的现状,分析了现有国际法体系中介绍了有关公海保护区的间接性规定,囊括了全球性条约、地区性条约和国际组织的重要决议;同时提及主要区域实践对公海保护区的法律规制,从各保护区制定的相关条约或协议出发,介绍了现阶段三个有关公海保护区区域实践的管理机构和相关管理措施。第四章在第三章的基础上分析了公海保护区现有法律规制存在的问题和各区域实践所面临的困境,进而提出公海保护区法律规制的完善路径。最后结合我国海洋保护区的发展现状,在我国积极主张并建立公海保护区的立场和态度上,为我国参与公海保护区的建设出谋划策。
[Abstract]:The high seas are the areas beyond the national jurisdiction. Although the modern high seas system stipulates the content of the high seas protection, it is difficult for the countries to devote their energy to the high seas resources protection compared with the high seas. With the enhancement of human activities in the high seas and the expansion of the scope of activities, the environment and resources of the high seas have changed to a large extent. At the same time, human beings lack reasonable protection of the high seas environmental resources while over-exploiting and utilizing the high seas resources, which leads to the severe challenge to the sustainable development of biodiversity in the high seas. With the frequent emergence of environmental crisis on the high seas, the international community is gradually aware of the threat of environmental degradation to the survival of mankind. The environmental resources and protection of the high seas gradually enter the perspective of the international community and carry out a series of actions. The international community has carried out extensive discussions on the environment and resources of the high seas, and the problem of protected areas on the high seas has come into people's view. Although the regime of protected areas on the high seas is an emerging topic of environmental law, the emerging concept has been gradually recognized and accepted by all countries in the world, thanks to years of publicity and efforts by the international community. Has become the contemporary marine ecological environment protection and management of the main tools. Although there is no direct provision in existing legislation on high seas protected areas, the Convention on Biological Diversity of the Convention on the Law of the Sea, as well as other regional treaties, provide indirectly for the content of protected areas on the high seas, in practice in the Mediterranean Sea, Three regional high seas reserves have also been established in the Atlantic and Antarctic areas. The second chapter systematically introduces the concept and characteristics of the high seas protected area, and then introduces the position and attitude of the main countries to establish the high seas protected area, which lays the groundwork for the development of the high seas protected area practice. The third chapter introduces the current situation of the legal regulation of the high seas protected areas, analyzes the indirect provisions of the existing international law system, including global treaties, regional treaties and important resolutions of international organizations. At the same time, the legal regulation of the high seas protected areas in the main regional practice is mentioned. Starting from the relevant treaties or agreements made by the various protected areas, this paper introduces three management institutions and relevant management measures concerning the regional practice of the high seas protected areas at the present stage. Based on the third chapter, the fourth chapter analyzes the problems existing in the existing legal regulation of the high seas protected areas and the difficulties faced by the regional practice, and then puts forward the perfect path of the legal regulation of the high seas protected areas. Finally, based on the present situation of marine protected areas in China, the author proposes some suggestions for our country to participate in the construction of protected areas on the high seas on the basis of the position and attitude of actively advocating and establishing the protected areas on the high seas in our country.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D993.5

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