国家赔偿法上精神损害赔偿制度的完善

发布时间：2018-05-23 12:04

本文选题：国家侵权 + 精神损害　；参考：《山东大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：新修订的《国家赔偿法》第三十五条正式确立了国家侵权领域中的精神损害赔偿制度,这标志着我国国家赔偿制度划时代的进步,表明了国家保护公民人格权利和利益的态度和决心。在我国法治社会建设不断进步及公民法制意识愈益提高的大背景下,人们对于人权理念有了更为深刻的认识,对自身合法权益特别是非财产性权利有着更为强烈的期待和要求。我国现阶段正处于社会转型期,行政权力和司法权力的扩张与越位成为一个不争的现实,当国家权力侵犯了相对人的合法权益时,对其进行充分的慰藉和赔偿能够快速补救其精神损害,不仅有利于纠正和惩罚行政、司法行为,而且有利于公民更加信任法律和公权力部门,在人民群众中间产生良好的社会效果。同时我们也不难发现第三十五条的表述有着很大漏洞,存在着诸如赔偿理念滞后、赔偿范围狭窄、赔偿标准模糊、司法实践缺乏可操作性等较大问题,导致法官自由裁量权的发挥缺乏刚性原则和标准,具体案例判决结果不合理、相似案件判决结果存在巨大差别,很难实现国家赔偿法的立法目的和功能。因此,笔者认为有必要重新审视和调整该条文之规定以更好地适应审判的需要和维护社会的公平正义。本文从通过典型案例揭示立法现状出发,介绍了国家侵权领域精神损害赔偿的基本理论及国内外相关制度的发展脉络,分析了在我国国家赔偿中完善精神损害赔偿制度的价值所在,并根据域外国家较为成熟的制度规定和中外民法领域的研究成果为建构和完善我国国家侵权精神损害赔偿制度提出了几点建议和思考。纵观国内外精神损害赔偿制度的历史,我国虽起步晚,但发展快,民法领域已经建立起较为完善的精神损害赔偿制度,近年来在国家赔偿领域中引入这一制度,更加促进了其在我国公法和私法双重领域的探讨和研究。重新完善和构造好这一关乎物质利益与精神利益关系、形式法治与实质法治关系、权力与权利关系的关键制度,意义深刻、影响长远。
[Abstract]:Article 35 of the newly revised "State compensation Law" formally establishes the system of compensation for mental damage in the field of national tort, which marks the epoch-making progress of the national compensation system in China. It shows the attitude and determination of the state to protect the rights and interests of the citizens. Under the background of the continuous progress of the construction of our country's legal society and the increasing awareness of the citizen's legal system, people have a deeper understanding of the concept of human rights, and have a stronger expectation and demand for their own legitimate rights and interests, especially the non-property rights. At present, our country is in the period of social transformation, the expansion and offside of administrative power and judicial power become an indisputable reality, when the state power infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of the relative person, Adequate consolation and compensation can quickly remedy their moral damage, not only to redress and punish administrative and judicial acts, but also to increase the trust of citizens in the law and the public power, To produce good social effects among the masses of the people. At the same time, it is not difficult to find that the expression of Article 35 has great loopholes, such as the lag of compensation concept, the narrow range of compensation, the vague standard of compensation, the lack of maneuverability in judicial practice, and so on. It leads to the lack of rigid principles and standards for the exertion of the discretion of judges, the unreasonable results in specific cases and the huge differences in the results of similar cases, which makes it difficult to achieve the legislative purpose and function of the State compensation Law. Therefore, I think it is necessary to re-examine and adjust the provisions of this article in order to better meet the needs of trial and to safeguard social fairness and justice. Starting from revealing the current situation of legislation through typical cases, this paper introduces the basic theory of mental damage compensation in the field of national tort and the development of relevant systems at home and abroad. This paper analyzes the value of perfecting the system of compensation for mental damage in the national compensation of our country. Based on the mature regulations of foreign countries and the research results in the field of civil law in China and foreign countries, some suggestions and thoughts are put forward to construct and perfect the system of compensation for mental damage caused by tort in our country. Throughout the history of the compensation system of mental damage at home and abroad, although our country started late, but developed rapidly, the civil law field has established a relatively perfect system of compensation for mental damage, in recent years in the field of national compensation to introduce this system, It promotes its exploration and research in the dual fields of public law and private law. To perfect and construct this key system, which concerns the relationship between material and spiritual interests, between formal rule of law and substantive rule of law, and between power and right, is of profound significance and long-term influence.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

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