准公共物品视角下的拼车出行现状及政策性思考

发布时间：2018-05-24 19:25

本文选题：准公共物品 + 拼车出行　；参考：《首都经济贸易大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会经济和互联网技术的快速发展,人们对汽车的需求与日俱增,紧随而来的是城市交通的运行效率降低,交通拥堵问题日益凸显。同时由于人们工作生活的节奏不断加快,上下班距离远,公共交通的通达性和资源分配的不合理以及“打车难”、养车成本高等现实问题的存在,使得有车族越来越不愿意开车或者一个人开车出行,这就使得拼车成为一种降低出行成本的更好选择,并逐渐成为一种常态化的准公共交通出行方式。拼车出行的出现有效缓解了“打车难”等问题,同时优化了出租车市场资源,降低私家车空载率,为市民带来便利的同时,也为大量未就业人群创造了良好的就业机会。然而,拼车出行作为近年来出现的新鲜事物,特别是随着网络技术的发展,网约车的出现,使得小汽车合乘出行变得更为普遍,但是政府对网约车的态度一直以来模棱两可,并出台了一系列的政策来规范网约车的发展,但我们不得不看到这些政策对网约车未来的发展方向产生了很大的影响,拼车市场也会随之受到阻碍,拼车出行面临困境。本文从准公共物品的视角出发,把拼车出行下的汽车看成是一种准公共物品,根据所学理论界定了拼车出行中汽车的准公共物品性质,随后对拼车出行的现实需求现状进行了分析,接着阐述了拼车出行面临着政府监管不当、平台保障滞后、市场竞争无序三方面的困境。最后,本文从准公共物品理论的视角分析了解决拼车出行困境的政策方法与对策建议,如转变政府监管模式、创造更好的平台环境、规范引导拼车行业。通过这些措施,希望能助力拼车出行的政策改进,为政府鼓励拼车出行发展提供可行性意见,迎接共享经济时代的到来。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's social economy and Internet technology, the demand for cars is increasing day by day, followed by the decline in the efficiency of urban traffic, traffic congestion has become increasingly prominent. At the same time, due to the quickening pace of people's work and life, the long commuting distance, the unreasonable accessibility of public transport and the allocation of resources, and the "difficulty in taxi hailing" and the high cost of maintaining a car, and so on, It makes car-sharing become a better choice to reduce travel cost and become a regular quasi-public transportation mode. The emergence of carpool has effectively alleviated the problems such as "difficult to take a taxi", at the same time optimized the taxi market resources, reduced the private car empty load rate, brought convenience to the citizens, but also created good employment opportunities for a large number of unemployed people. However, carpool travel as a new thing in recent years, especially with the development of network technology, the emergence of car sharing, making car ride trip become more common, but the government's attitude to the network car ride has always been ambiguous. And issued a series of policies to standardize the development of ride-sharing, but we have to see that these policies have a great impact on the future direction of Web-ride-sharing, the ride-sharing market will be hindered, ride-sharing travel difficulties. In this paper, from the perspective of quasi-public goods, the car under carpool travel is regarded as a kind of quasi-public goods, and the nature of quasi-public goods in carpool travel is determined according to the academic circle. Then it analyzes the current situation of the actual demand of carpool trip, and then expounds the plight of ride-sharing travel in three aspects: improper government supervision, lagging platform protection and disordered market competition. Finally, from the perspective of quasi-public goods theory, this paper analyzes the policy methods and countermeasures to solve the plight of ride-sharing, such as changing the mode of government supervision, creating a better platform environment, and standardizing and guiding the carpool industry. Through these measures, I hope to help improve the policy of carpool travel, provide feasible advice for the government to encourage the development of carpool travel, and welcome the arrival of the era of sharing economy.
【学位授予单位】：首都经济贸易大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F572;D630.1

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