毒品犯罪中毒品数量认定问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 17:44

本文选题：毒品犯罪 + 定罪量刑　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：毒品数量对毒品犯罪的定罪和量刑有着非常重要的作用,在毒品种类与含量一致的情况下其数量越多带来的社会危害性就越大。从我国当前毒品数量认定的现状来看,对毒品数量认定的规定主要集中在会议纪要中,《中华人民共和国刑法》(下称《刑法》)与司法解释对此少有规定;而从本文研究的裁判文书的情况来看,在具体案件中毒品数量认定所涉的情形复杂。从毒品数量认定的现状不难发现当前我国毒品数量认定中存在诸多问题。首先,毒品数量认定的依据并不完善,部分依据制定滞后且过于简单,对一些争议较大的问题尚未做出规定。其次,未确定同质化的认定标准,即不以含量来折算毒品数量,这是一种便于司法操作的做法,但往往会造成毒品数量认定不准,并影响定罪量刑。再次,毒品数量的具体认定方法存在问题,如特情介入下查获的毒品数量不加区分均认定为毒品犯罪的数量,未查获实物时毒品数量认定不准,贩卖毒品案件中既遂标准不明导致毒品数量认定不准确。上述问题的存在使得我国当前毒品数量认定不规范、存在大量同案不同判的情况。本文认为可以通过以下方式来解决这些问题。第一,完善毒品数量的认定依据,要增强立法的预见性和前瞻性,形成一套具体、全面的毒品数量认定依据。第二,采用同质化的认定标准,逐步实现毒品数量以含量折算,这要求我们在技术和经济条件具备的情况下实现全面的毒品含量鉴定。第三,完善毒品数量认定的具体方法。在特情介入案件中应当区分不同的情形分别认定毒品的数量。在新《刑事诉讼法》第151条禁止“犯意引诱”型特情介入,肯定“机会提供”型特情介入的背景下,我们应当将“机会提供”型特情介入下查获的毒品数量计入毒品犯罪的数量,而“犯意引诱”型特情介入下查获的毒品数量则不应计入毒品犯罪数量。对未查获实物的毒品进行数量认定时应进一步规范化,不仅应当规范证据的认定和运用、建立健全毒品数据库,还应当在判决文书中标注出所能证明的未查获实物的毒品重量。除此之外,也应当明确贩卖毒品罪的既遂标准并将其准确运用于毒品数量的认定中。
[Abstract]:The quantity of drugs plays a very important role in the conviction and sentencing of drug crimes. From the current situation of drug quantity identification in our country, the provisions of drug quantity identification are mainly concentrated in the minutes of the meeting, but the Criminal Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Criminal Law) and the judicial interpretation have few provisions on this; However, judging from the judicial documents studied in this paper, the cases involved in the determination of drug quantity in specific cases are complicated. From the current situation of drug quantity identification, it is easy to find that there are many problems in the current drug quantity identification in our country. First of all, the basis of drug quantity determination is not perfect, part of the basis is lagging behind and too simple, some controversial issues have not been stipulated. Secondly, the standard of homogenization is not determined, that is, the amount of drugs is not converted by content, which is a convenient way of judicial operation, but often lead to the determination of the quantity of drugs is not accurate, and affect the conviction and sentencing. Thirdly, there are some problems in the specific identification methods of drug quantity, such as the quantity of drugs seized under special circumstances is determined as the amount of drug crime without distinction, and the quantity of drugs is not recognized correctly when the substance is not seized. In drug trafficking cases, unclear standards lead to inaccurate determination of drug quantities. The existence of these problems makes the quantity of drugs in our country is not standard, there are a large number of different judgments in the same case. This paper believes that these problems can be solved in the following ways. First, to improve the drug quantity identification basis, to enhance the predictability and foresight of legislation, to form a set of specific, comprehensive drug quantity identification basis. Secondly, we should adopt the standard of homogenization, and gradually realize the conversion of drug quantity to content, which requires us to realize the comprehensive drug content identification under the condition that the technical and economic conditions are available. Third, improve the specific methods of drug quantity identification. The quantity of drugs should be determined according to different situations. In the context of article 151 of the new Code of Criminal procedure, which prohibits "criminal intent inducement" and affirms "opportunity to provide" type of special intervention, We should count the amount of drugs seized under the "opportunity to provide" special situation intervention into the number of drug crimes, while the amount of drugs seized under the "criminal intent" intervention should not be counted as the number of drug crimes. It is necessary to further standardize the quantity of drugs that have not been seized, not only to standardize the identification and application of evidence, to establish and improve the drug database, but also to mark out the weight of unseized drugs that can be proved in the judgment document. In addition, we should define the accomplished standard of drug trafficking crime and apply it to the determination of drug quantity.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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