法治思维视角下政府管理方式转变研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 09:06

本文选题：法治思维 + 政府管理方式　；参考：《天津商业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：党中央和习近平总书记连续发出关于“法治思维”的倡导,要求把法治思维作为治国理政的新理念、新思路;当下中国深刻的社会背景也表明政府管理方式亟待转变。因此,法治思维对于转变政府管理方式具有战略性意义。当前的政策形势和现实需要都要求运用法治思维指导我国政府管理方式的转变。解析“法治思维”,对于全面把握研究主题是不可或缺的。通过对文献的归纳、比较、分析等,综合党中央及国家领导人讲话中的表述,能够清晰、明确的解读出法治思维的内涵和价值指向。法治思维是以法治为基本理念,以法律为行为依据的思维方式。在政府管理语境中,法治思维主要是一种倡导权力有限、权利本位、正当程序和柔性行政的思维方式。在法治思维视角下,结合社会上一些具体的、典型的、具有社会影响力的事例来说明我国政府管理方式存在的问题。以权力为本位、政府为中心的命令式、强制式的政府管理方式存在的问题主要表现为:刚性执法、行政权力异化、漠视公民权利、蔑视法律制度、轻视程序。造成政府管理方式存在上述问题的原因主要包括:其一是管理观念的滞后。“人治”、“管制”、“权力本位”等传统政府管理理念仍然存在并影响着部分管理者的思维方式和行为方式;其二是行政权力约束不足。权力监督的不到位和责任追究力度的不足导致权力约束不足、问责成本过低,没有形成制约和规范权力正确行使的震慑力量;其三是法律程序的不完善。行政程序不统一,且规范性、操作性不高;第四是法律权威的缺失。传统中国文化观念的影响以及权力的膨胀滥用破坏了法律的权威,社会没有形成一种崇尚法律、敬仰法律的风气;第五是行政主体法治素养的不足。行政主体缺少法治思维及运用法治思维解决纠纷、化解矛盾的能力,没有形成法治信仰和正确的权力观。从目前政府管理方式存在的问题及问题产生原因来看,在法治思维视角下转变政府管理方式就是要从纵容权力向限制权力转变、从权力本位向权利本位转变、从重结果向重程序转变、从刚性行政向柔性行政转变。在政府管理过程中增加讲法说理的成分,引入协商、对话、申辩等程序,切实确保政府权力合理合法运行,保障公民权利。法治思维视角下政府管理方式转变的路径主要从更新政府管理理念、提升行政主体法治素养、完善法律程序设计、限制政府权力、保障公民合法权利、引入柔性管理手段等几方面着手。
[Abstract]:The Central Committee of the party and general secretary Xi Jinping have issued a continuous promotion of the "thinking of the rule of law", which requires the rule of law thinking as a new idea and a new idea. The profound social background in China also shows that the government management mode needs to be changed. Therefore, the rule of law is of strategic significance to the transformation of government administration mode. Both the situation and the actual needs require the use of the rule of law to guide the transformation of our government's management mode. The analysis of the "rule of law thinking" is indispensable to the overall grasp of the subject of the study. Through the induction, comparison and analysis of the literature, the expression in the speech of the Party Central and state leaders can clearly and clearly interpret the thinking of the rule of law. In the context of government management, the thinking of the rule of law is mainly a thinking mode of advocating limited power, right standard, due process and flexible administration in the perspective of the rule of law, combining with some specific and typical society in the perspective of the rule of law. Examples of social influence to illustrate the existing problems of government management in our country. The main problems of the government as the standard, the government as the central command and the compulsory government management are as follows: rigid law enforcement, dissimilation of administrative power, disregard of civil rights, contempt of legal system and disregard of procedures. The main reasons for the above problems include: one is the lag of the management concept. The traditional government management ideas such as "rule of man", "control" and "power standard" still exist and affect the thinking mode and behavior mode of some managers; the other is the lack of administrative power constraints, the inadequacy of power supervision and the insufficiency of accountability. It leads to insufficient power constraints, low accountability costs and no deterrent force to restrict and regulate the right exercise of power; third, the legal procedure is not perfect. The administrative procedures are not unified, and the legal authority is not high; fourth is the lack of legal authority. The influence of the traditional Chinese cultural concept and the abuse of power's expansion have destroyed the law. Authority, the society does not form a custom of advocating law and admired the law; fifth is the deficiency of the administrative subject rule of law. The administrative subject lacks the rule of law thinking and the use of the rule of law to solve the disputes, dissolves the contradiction, and does not form the belief of the rule of law and the right view of power. From the problems and problems existing in the current government management mode, the problems and problems are produced. The reason is that the transformation of government management mode from the perspective of rule of law is to change the way of government management from power to limited power, from power standard to right standard, from heavy result to reprocedure, from rigid administration to flexible administration. In the process of government management, it is necessary to increase the principles of speaking, and introduce the procedures of negotiation, dialogue and pleading. In order to ensure the rational and legitimate operation of government power and guarantee the rights of citizens, the path of the transformation of government management mode from the perspective of rule of law is mainly to update the government management concept, improve the legal accomplishment of the administrative subject, improve the design of the legal procedure, restrict the power of the government, guarantee the right of the civil law, and introduce the flexible management means.
【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D630

【参考文献】