公民生育权视角下的社会抚养费征收法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 07:49

本文选题：生育权 + 社会抚养费　；参考：《兰州财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着新《人口与计划生育法》的颁布实施,使得“全面二孩”政策在法律上得到了确认,这同时也是对人权尤其是公民生育权保护的倾斜。然而这项政策的设置前提仍是坚持计划生育的基本国策,并且以征收社会抚养费为限制措施。但是原来社会抚养费的征收对象(二孩家庭)已不再适宜现行法律的规定,加上社会抚养费不管是在制度本身的设计方面还是在实践中的征收、管理和使用方面都存在众多弊端。该政策在向保护公民生育权倾斜的同时,并没有对该项人权的有效实现提供一个良好的保障机制,比如经济负担、养育成本、女性的职业发展等,这种种的原因导致了如今人们较低的生育意愿。基于以上问题,社会抚养费征收制度是否还有其存在的必要性?公民生育权是否应该无限制的去保护?因此,本文立足于公民生育权的视角下,对社会抚养费征收法律制度进行探讨,提出公民生育权作为一项基本权利,要使其充分的得到保障应当包括合理限制和全面保护两个方面。为了平衡公民生育权与社会公共资源之间的利益,社会抚养费征收法律制度作为限制措施仍有其存在的必要性,并认为“全面二孩”政策未能顺利实施有赖于相关生育制度的保障,并分析了当前我国生育保险制度凸显的缺陷。然后通过梳理各省社会抚养费征收法律制度相关规定,揭示其在法律体系及其运行过程中存在的问题。最后,从社会抚养费征收制度设计本身及其相关的配套机制两个方面提出完善建议。基于以上思路,本文的主要内容分为以下几个部分:第一部分:绪论;主要对选题的背景和意义、国内外有关生育权以及社会抚养费征收制度的文献进行了综述,为论文的写作奠定了基础。第二部分:公民生育权与社会抚养费征收法律制度基本概述。主要从生育与生育权概念的界定、生育权的具体内容、生育权的限制与保护、社会抚养费的演变过程、性质和几个方面进行了阐述。第三部分:社会抚养费征收的理论基础;主要从适度人口理论、公共利益理论以及社会公平理论三个方面来分析,有助于为下文的写作做好基础。第四部分:公民生育权视角下社会抚养费征收法律制度存在的必要性分析;主要从公民生育权与环境权的角度、公民生育权权利与义务统一性的角度、公民生育权与计划生育政策的角度以及“全面二孩”实施一周年的效果这几个方面来阐述继续征收社会抚养费的理由。第五部分:社会抚养费征收法律制度存在的问题;主要通过对《社会抚养费征收管理办法》以及各省有关社会抚养费征收制度的相关规定的梳理,从立法以及社会抚养费征收制度设计本身存在的问题两个方面来分析。第六部分:社会抚养费征收法律制度的完善;首先从完善立法出发,提出应尽快出台《社会抚养费征收管理条例》并详尽规定社会抚养费的性质和目的、征收主体、征收对象、征收标准、征收程序以及相应的监督制度;其次认识到公民生育权作为人们的一项基本权利,它要求国家不仅要承担公民自由行使生育权的义务,而且还要提供物质条件和精神利益帮助公民实现生育权。所以,我们在对生育权进行限制的同时应完善我国的生育保险制度,并通过强化利益导向机制来引导人们按政策生育。
[Abstract]:With the promulgation and implementation of the new "population and family planning law", the policy of "all two children" has been confirmed by law, which is also an inclination to the protection of human rights, especially the protection of civil rights of citizens. However, the premise of this policy is still to adhere to the basic national policy of family planning, and to impose restrictions on the collection of social support. The object of the expropriation of the social maintenance fee (the two child family) is no longer suitable for the provisions of the current law, and there are many disadvantages in the management and use of the social maintenance fee, whether it is in the design of the system itself or in practice. The effective realization provides a good guarantee mechanism, such as the economic burden, the breeding cost, the women's career development and so on. This kind of reason leads to the lower fertility wishes of the people today. This article, based on the perspective of the right of civil birth, discusses the legal system of the collection of social support, and puts forward that the right to birth is a basic right, which should include two aspects: reasonable restriction and comprehensive protection. In order to balance the interests between the rights of citizens and the social and public resources, the social rearing will be balanced. The legal system of the fee collection is still necessary as a restriction measure, and it is believed that the failure to implement the "comprehensive two child" policy depends on the protection of the relevant reproductive system, and analyzes the defects of the present Chinese reproductive insurance system. On the basis of the above ideas, the main contents of this paper are divided into the following parts: the first part: introduction, the introduction, the background and significance of the topic, and the birth rights at home and abroad. The literature of the collection system of social support fee is summarized, which lays the foundation for the writing of the paper. The second part: the basic outline of the legal system of the collection of the right of childbearing and the social rearing fee, mainly from the definition of the concept of birth and birth right, the specific content of the birth right, the restriction and protection of the birth right, the evolution process of the social maintenance fee, and the nature of the social upbringing. And several aspects are expounded. The third part: the theoretical basis of the collection of social maintenance fees; mainly from three aspects of the theory of moderate population, the theory of public interest and the theory of social equity, which is helpful to the foundation of the writing below. The fourth part: the necessity of the existence of the legal system for the expropriation of the social maintenance fee under the view of the citizen's right of childbearing. From the angle of the citizen's birth right and environmental right, the angle of the unity of the right and duty of the citizen's birth right, the angle of the citizen's birth right and family planning policy and the effect of the 1st Anniversary full two child, the fifth part: the law of the social maintenance fee. The existing problems of the system; mainly through the collection and management of the "social maintenance fee" and the relevant provisions of the relevant provisions of the collection system of social maintenance fees in the provinces, from the legislation and the social maintenance fee collection system design itself two aspects of the problems. The sixth part: the legal system of the collection of social maintenance fees; first of all, In order to improve the legislation, it is suggested that the regulations on the management of social maintenance fee should be promulgated as soon as possible, the nature and purpose of the social maintenance fee, the subject, the collection object, the collection standard, the expropriation procedure and the corresponding supervision system; secondly, the citizen's birth right is recognized as a basic right of the people, and it requires the state not only to bear the responsibility. Citizens have the obligation to exercise their reproductive rights freely, and also provide material conditions and spiritual interests to help citizens realize the right to bear birth. Therefore, we should improve our country's birth insurance system while restricting the right to fertility, and guide people to give birth to policy by strengthening the interest oriented mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：兰州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.1

【参考文献】