和解政治：南非消除种族隔离制度个案研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 06:01

本文选题：政治发展道路 + 南非　；参考：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：政治发展理论研究至今,产生了众多政治发展理论流派,也衍生了许多政治发展理论研究的角度和方向,不同国家现代化、民主化的政治发展路径也呈现出各式各样的形式。在和平与发展为时代主题的今天,政治发展的方式和道路选择也应与时代接轨,以和平为主题。面对国家国内外冲突时,冲突的解决方式也由斗争方式走向和解。和解政治发展方式的出现显得尤为重要。和解政治是在宽容和正义的精神理念下实现和平发展的思维方式和行为规范。强调把宽容作为民主协商、平等对话以及和平竞争等活动的基础理念,和解政治是构建正义、促进民主的政治发展过程。南非政治发展过程是世界政治发展历程中的一个典型案例,在消除历时百年余久的种族歧视,消除用法律和制度规定下种族隔离制度的过程中,没有出现一个种族消灭另一个种族的屠杀事件,而是在政治发展的过程中,对立的种族双方寻求谈判的可能,不断通过交涉手段、协商和妥协的方式最终实现两个种族之间的和解,实现南非向民主国家的转变。此外,在南非黑人取得平等的社会地位,获得民主权力后,新南非通过宽容、和解的政治发展理念构建新南非的政治、经济、社会制度。通过法律、制度形式将政治和解、宽容精神贯彻到国家公民社会生活之中,培育和发展宽恕、平等、民主、公平的政治文化。同时,南非还通过设置真相与和解委员会等方式,清除不同种族之间的历史仇恨,以真相换宽恕的方式构建社会正义。南非消除种族隔离制度的过程正是和解政治在南非政治发展道路中作用的体现。纵观当下国际社会,国内国际都存在许多不可调和的矛盾,如种族冲突、宗教冲突等等,以及衍生出的国际恐怖主义和分裂主义,其次还存在许多国与国之间的历史仇恨。和解政治倡导一种宽容与和平理念,倡导对立方以宽容的方式促成谈判的实现,以和解的态度实现共赢。
[Abstract]:Up to now, political development theory has produced many schools of political development theory, and has also derived many angles and directions of political development theory research. The political development path of modernization and democratization of different countries also presents various forms. Today, when peace and development are the theme of the times, the way and choice of political development should also be in line with the times and take peace as the theme. In the face of domestic and foreign conflicts, the way to resolve conflicts is from struggle to reconciliation. The emergence of the political development of reconciliation is particularly important. Conciliatory politics is a way of thinking and a standard of conduct to realize peaceful development under the spirit of tolerance and justice. It emphasizes that tolerance is the basic concept of democratic consultation, equal dialogue and peaceful competition, and the politics of reconciliation is the political development process of constructing justice and promoting democracy. The process of political development in South Africa is a typical case in the course of political development in the world. In the process of eliminating racial discrimination, which lasted for more than a hundred years, and eliminating apartheid under the provisions of laws and systems, There was no massacre of one race against another, but in the course of political development, opposing racial parties sought the possibility of negotiation and continued to negotiate by means of negotiation. Negotiations and compromises culminate in reconciliation between the two races and the transition from South Africa to democracy. In addition, after the black people in South Africa obtained equal social status and gained democratic power, the new South Africa constructed the new South Africa's political, economic and social system through the political development concept of tolerance and reconciliation. Through the form of law and system, the spirit of political reconciliation and tolerance is carried out into the civil society of the country, and the political culture of forgiveness, equality, democracy and fairness is cultivated and developed. At the same time, South Africa has also set up truth and reconciliation commissions to eliminate historical hatred among different races and to build social justice through truth for forgiveness. The process of eliminating apartheid in South Africa is the embodiment of the role of reconciliation politics in the political development of South Africa. Throughout the current international community, there are many irreconcilable contradictions, such as ethnic conflicts, religious conflicts, and the resulting international terrorism and separatism, followed by historical hatred between many countries. The politics of reconciliation advocates a concept of tolerance and peace, and advocates that the opposing parties bring about the realization of negotiations in a tolerant manner and achieve win-win results in a conciliatory manner.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D747.8

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