集体土地征收程序实证研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 22:00

本文选题：集体土地征收 + 实证分析　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：土地征收是行政法研究中的经典议题,也是集政治问题、法律问题和社会问题的综合体。源于计划经济时代的土地征收制度,在二十世纪九十年代至今我国大规模城镇化的背景下,其自身的局限性逐渐暴露。耕地流失、征地上访、征地补偿标准过低、土地收益分配不均等问题,其背后所折射的,是我国目前土地征收的制度性缺陷:“抑私扬公”理念对集体土地成员权利的压制;以土地直接产出价值为核心的征收补偿体系;忽视正当程序,以“稳定”、“效率”为基本价值的征收程序等。基于对以上问题考量,我们有必要对我国集体土地征收制度进行反思与重构。本文选择行政程序视角对土地征收进行研究。土地征收制度作为一种由国家主导,对集体所有土地进行事先补偿,后实施强制性交易的行政行为,其本质是一种具有裁量性质行政权的行使。在以GDP、财政收入、城镇化率等指标为主导的政绩考核标准下,如何以最低的成本、最高的效率征收土地成为了部分地方官员最先考虑的问题。这种因行政机关行使行政裁量质变而导致的滥用行政裁量权,其规制的最佳方法是通过行政程序,使其行政裁量权的行使与立法目的一致。因此本文选择行政程序作为切入点,将原本失范、脱序的土地征收程序回归法治的轨道,同时使土地征收行政权不偏离“控制”、“效率”的现代行政基本逻辑出发点。以规范分析与案例分析为手段,补充和完善我国土地征收行政程序,以此使地方政府在行使土地征收裁量权的过程中,控制其最终的征收结果趋于合理。在实体规范无法满足现代土地征收要求时,通过行政程序内在独立于实体规范的价值,来约束行政机关对于土地征收的相关行政裁量权力。本文第一部分对集体土地征收制度的历史沿革与其研究背景进行梳理,通过对我国集体土地制度的总体性回顾,梳理集体土地征收程序的制度演变,并对目前我国土地征收制度的研究现状进行综述,讨论目前学术界对该问题的研究总体情况与理论缺失,说明本研究的现实意义及研究价值。第二部分对我国集体土地征收程序进行概述,通过对土地征收概念与特征的分析,阐明集体土地征收程序所具有的涵义。同时对我国集体土地征收程序立法规范进行梳理,在规范层面对我国集体土地征收程序进行描述。同时,对各省市一级涉及集体土地征收的地方立法情况进行分析,分析其地方立法相对于国家层面集体土地征收程序立法的情况有何异同。第三部分以135个典型案例为分析对象进行分析,通过样本选取,设计研究模型,对案例进行定量分析及个案分析。第四部分通过对第二、三部分的实证研究所得出结论进行反思与分析。最终为我国集体土地征收程序之构建提供有针对性、有参考性的意见建议。
[Abstract]:Land expropriation is a classic topic in the study of administrative law and a complex of political, legal and social problems. The land expropriation system, which originated from the planned economy era, has gradually exposed its limitations under the background of large-scale urbanization in China since the 1990s. The problems of cultivated land loss, land requisition, land requisition compensation are too low, and land income distribution is not equal, which is reflected by the system defect of land expropriation in our country at present: the suppression of collective land members' rights by the idea of "restraining private interests and promoting public interest"; The system of expropriation and compensation is based on the value of direct output of land, neglecting due process, and taking "stability" and "efficiency" as the basic value of expropriation procedure, etc. Considering the above problems, it is necessary for us to rethink and reconstruct the collective land expropriation system. This article chooses the administrative procedure angle of view to carry on the research to the land expropriation. Land expropriation system is a kind of administrative act which is led by the state and compensates the collective-owned land in advance and then carries out the compulsory transaction. Its essence is the exercise of administrative power with the nature of discretion. On the basis of GDP-, fiscal revenue, urbanization rate and other indicators, how to expropriate land with the lowest cost and the highest efficiency has become the first issue for some local officials to consider. The best way to regulate the abuse of administrative discretion caused by the quality change of administrative discretion is to make the exercise of administrative discretion consistent with the legislative purpose through administrative procedure. Therefore, this article chooses the administrative procedure as the starting point, returns the original abnormal and disordered land expropriation procedure back to the track of rule by law, and at the same time makes the administrative power of land expropriation not deviate from the basic logic of modern administration starting point of "control" and "efficiency". By means of normative analysis and case analysis, the administrative procedures of land expropriation in China are supplemented and perfected, so that local governments can control the final expropriation results in the process of exercising the discretion of land expropriation. When the substantive norms can not meet the requirements of modern land expropriation, the administrative procedure is independent of the value of the substantive norms to restrict the administrative discretion of the administrative organs for land expropriation. The first part of this paper combs the historical evolution of collective land expropriation system and its research background, and combs the system evolution of collective land expropriation procedure by reviewing the overall situation of collective land expropriation system in China. It also summarizes the current research situation of land expropriation system in China, discusses the general situation and theoretical deficiency of the current academic research on this issue, and explains the practical significance and research value of this study. The second part summarizes the procedure of collective land expropriation in our country. Through the analysis of the concept and characteristics of land expropriation, it clarifies the meaning of collective land expropriation procedure. At the same time, the legislative norms of collective land expropriation procedures are combed, and the collective land expropriation procedures in China are described at the normative level. At the same time, this paper analyzes the local legislation of collective land expropriation at the provincial and municipal level, and analyzes the similarities and differences between the local legislation and the legislation of collective land expropriation procedure at the national level. The third part takes 135 typical cases as the analysis object, through the sample selection, designs the research model, carries on the quantitative analysis and the case analysis to the case. The fourth part reflects and analyzes the conclusions of the second and third parts of the empirical research. Finally, it provides some suggestions for the construction of collective land expropriation procedure.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.33

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