刑事诉讼中的人权保障研究

发布时间：2018-06-07 05:55

本文选题：人权 + 人权保障　；参考：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事诉讼是指国家专门机关追诉犯罪,确定被追诉人是否有罪以及罪责大小的活动,其最终目的在于惩治犯罪行为,震慑不法分子,维护社会的安定。在刑事诉讼中,被追诉人,即犯罪嫌疑人和被告人,往往和追诉机关处在不对等的地位,因此被追诉人的权利很容易受到国家公权力的侵犯,这显然与刑事诉讼的基本价值观背道而驰。基于刑事诉讼的特性,在刑事诉讼中人权保障的主体只能是被追诉人,因此保障被追诉人的人权也理所应当成为各国保护人权工作的重中之重。当今世界的主要发达国家都基本确立了健全的刑事诉讼人权保障制度和基本原则,而我国由于法治建设起步较晚,且一直缺乏对公民个人权利的重视,导致我国的人权保障工作一直不太理想。在刑事诉讼领域的直接表现就是疑罪从无原则迟迟无法确立、非法取证行为的普遍存在、律师介入权得不到保障等等。2012年的《刑事诉讼法》修订对我国的刑事诉讼人权保障工作无疑有着巨大推动作用,但是依旧难以消除一些长久遗留在我国刑事诉讼活动中的顽疾,制度上的缺陷依然明显,实践中的程序正义也迟迟得不到应有的重视。本文旨在通过剖析我国刑事诉讼中人权保障问题产生的原因,同时在参考借鉴国外先进制度的基础上,提出一些关于改进我国刑事诉讼的人权保障工作的初步设想,以期能为我国的人权保障事业添一份力。本文共分为五部分。第一部分对“人权”概念的演变过程进行了梳理,并分析了人权与法律的关系。第二部分论述了刑事诉讼中人权保障的主要内容,确认了刑事诉讼中人权保障的主体。第三部分从立法和司法两个角度分析了我国刑事诉讼中人权保障的主要问题。第四部分对国外关于保障刑事诉讼中被追诉人人权的主要制度进行了简单介绍,以期对我国的制度构建产生借鉴意义。第五部分是在前文论述的基础上对完善我国刑事诉讼人权保障制度提出的几条建议和设想。
[Abstract]:Criminal procedure refers to the activities of the state specialized organs to prosecute the crime, determine whether the accused person is guilty and the size of the criminal responsibility, and its ultimate purpose is to punish criminal acts, deter lawbreakers, and maintain social stability. In criminal proceedings, the accused person, that is, the criminal suspect and the accused person, is often in an unequal position with the prosecution organ, so the rights of the accused person are easily infringed by the public power of the state. This clearly runs counter to the fundamental values of criminal proceedings. Based on the characteristics of criminal proceedings, the main body of human rights protection in criminal proceedings can only be prosecuted, so the protection of the human rights of the accused should be the most important part of the protection of human rights in all countries. The major developed countries in the world have basically established a sound human rights protection system and basic principles of criminal procedure. However, due to the late start of the construction of the rule of law, our country has been short of attention to the individual rights of citizens. As a result, our country's human rights protection work has not been ideal. The direct manifestation in the field of criminal procedure is that the suspected crime cannot be established from the unprincipled point of view, and the illegal evidence collection is widespread. The revision of the Criminal procedure Law in 2012 has undoubtedly played a great role in promoting human rights protection in criminal proceedings in our country, but it is still difficult to eliminate some persistent diseases that have been left over in our country's criminal litigation activities for a long time. The defects in the system are still obvious, and the procedural justice in practice has not been given due attention. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the causes of human rights protection in criminal proceedings in China, and at the same time to put forward some tentative ideas for improving the human rights protection of criminal proceedings in China on the basis of reference from advanced foreign systems. With a view to our country's human rights protection cause to add a force. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part combs the evolution of the concept of human rights and analyzes the relationship between human rights and law. The second part discusses the main contents of human rights protection in criminal procedure and confirms the subject of human rights protection in criminal procedure. The third part analyzes the main problems of human rights protection in criminal procedure from the angle of legislation and judicature. The fourth part briefly introduces the main system of protecting the human rights of the accused in the criminal procedure in foreign countries, in order to produce reference significance for the system construction of our country. The fifth part is on the basis of the previous discussion to improve our criminal procedure human rights protection system put forward several suggestions and ideas.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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