论非法人组织的主体地位问题

发布时间：2018-06-13 16:24

本文选题：非法人组织 + 主体地位　；参考：《中国政法大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国《民法总则》已于2017年3月15日表决通过。在总则中,民事权利主体除传统的“自然人”与“法人”外,增设“非法人组织”这一类型。这一立法设计上的变动,系对学术界关于“非法人组织”主体资格长期争议的回应。本文从非法人组织的立法规定和司法实践中所遇到的问题入手,以概念分析为切入点,运用历史溯源法、中外比较法,对比其他大陆法系国家、地区关于非法人组织的立法例,明晰赋予非法人组织主体资格的现实必要性。通过对不同学说争议焦点的研究,以《民法总则》、三份草案和几份学者建议稿为蓝本,论证非法人组织的主体资格问题,探究在立法动态上的价值选择和制度设计。第一,在引言中交代了选题的意义,简述了非法人组织在学理上的争议和立法上互相矛盾的规定,以及在法典编纂中解决这一问题的现实紧迫性。对这一问题作简单的研究综述,介绍域外法的主要观点以及我国目前的理论分歧和代表性研究成果。在研究方法上,主要从概念的辨析入手,对比中外比较法例,厘清不同概念下的法律适用。第二,在正文中分四部分论述:第一部分为“非法人组织的概说”,探究其概念、特征和类型,明晰“法人与非法人组织”和“团体与非法人组织”这两对概念;第二部分为“非法人组织的权利主体资格”,探析非法人组织的权利能力、行为能力、责任能力和财产问题,厘清上述特征与民事主体资格的关系;第三部分为“非法人组织的诉讼主体资格认定困境”,分析程序当事人、形式当事人、适当当事人三种不同理论对非法人组织取得诉讼主体资格的影响,探讨缺乏权利主体资格的非法人组织在确认之诉、给付之诉和变更之诉中面临的问题;第四部分为“我国《民法总则》制定中的非法人组织立法问题”,针对《民法总则》文本、三份草案和几份学者建议稿进行对比分析,将理论中的争议落实到具体制度设计中,总结出不同立法编排的优劣。第三,通过上述的论证,得出本文的结论。在团体人格法定之下,以登记与独立责任为双重标准,区分法人与非法人组织。其中,以是否登记为标准,将非法人组织区分为已登记非法人组织和未登记非法人组织。前者依法设立,具有主体资格,后者则不具有主体资格。《民法总则》中的“非法人组织”仅指前者,对后者的立法仍为空白。如何协调团体人格在立法制度上的区别,解决非法人组织的主体资格问题,是本文讨论的最终落脚点。
[Abstract]:The General principles of Civil Law of China were passed on March 15, 2017. In the general principles, the subject of civil rights, in addition to the traditional "natural person" and "legal person", added the type of "non-legal person organization". This change in legislative design is a response to the long-standing controversy in academic circles about the subject qualification of unincorporated organizations. This article starts with the legislative provisions and the problems encountered in the judicial practice of the non-legal person organization, taking the concept analysis as the breakthrough point, using the historical traceability law, the Chinese and foreign comparative law, contrasts other civil law countries, the region regarding the legal person organization legislation example, It is necessary to make clear the qualification of non-legal person organization. Based on the research of different theories and the general principles of civil law, three drafts and several suggestions of scholars, this paper demonstrates the subject qualification of the non-legal person organization, and probes into the value choice and system design in the legislative dynamics First, the significance of the topic is explained in the introduction, and the controversy between the unincorporated organizations in theory and the contradictory provisions in legislation, as well as the practical urgency to solve this problem in the codification are briefly described. This paper gives a brief review of the research on this issue, introduces the main viewpoints of the extraterritorial law and the current theoretical differences and representative research results of our country. In terms of research methods, it mainly starts with the discrimination of concepts, compares Chinese and foreign comparative laws, and clarifies the application of laws under different concepts. Second, the text is divided into four parts: the first part is an overview of the organization of legal persons, explore its concept, characteristics and types, clear "legal person and non-legal organization" and "group and non-legal person organization" the two pairs of concepts; The second part is "the qualification of the right subject of the non-legal person organization", analyzes the right capacity, the behavior capacity, the responsibility ability and the property of the non-legal person organization, and clarifies the relationship between the above characteristics and the qualification of the civil subject The third part is "the dilemma of the qualification of the litigation subject of the unincorporated organization", and analyzes the influence of three different theories on the qualification of the litigation subject of the non-legal person organization, namely the procedural party, the formal party and the appropriate party. This paper discusses the problems faced by the unincorporated organizations that lack the qualification of the subject of rights in the process of confirmation, payment and alteration. The fourth part is the legislative problems of the unincorporated organizations in the formulation of the General principles of Civil Law in China. In view of the text of General principles of Civil Law, three drafts and several suggestions of scholars are compared and analyzed, the disputes in theory are carried out into the design of specific systems, and the advantages and disadvantages of different legislative arrangements are summarized. Third, through the above argument, draw the conclusion of this paper. Under the statutory law of group personality, the double standard of registration and independent responsibility is used to distinguish legal person from non-legal organization. According to the criterion of registration, the non-legal person organization is divided into the registered non-legal person organization and the non-registered non-legal person organization. The former is established according to law and has the qualification of subject, but the latter does not. The "unincorporated organization" in General principles of Civil Law refers only to the former, and the legislation on the latter is still blank. How to coordinate the differences of group personality in the legislative system and solve the problem of the subject qualification of the non-legal person organization is the ultimate goal of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923

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