基层组织选举：村民自治场域中的权力博弈

发布时间：2018-06-13 17:40

本文选题：基层组织选举 + 村民自治场域　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：基层组织选举作为基层政治参与的一项重要制度安排,为我国基层公民有序的政治参与提供了合法渠道,从而提高了基层政权的合法性。在我国广大农村地区,基层组织包括设在镇(办事处)和村一级的各种组织,主要是指村级组织,而村级组织中的“村两委”作为基层组织在农村的权力末梢,在村民自治实践中发挥着主导作用。在三十余载的村民自治实践中,国家权力逐步退出基层社会,然而“村两委”这一基层组织由于制度、社会历史因素在村民自治场域中并没有完全实现自治,“村两委”选举赋予村民“有接受或者拒绝将要来统治他们人的机会”,同时“村两委”选举在操作上的弹性也给予了乡镇基层政府(村民自治场域外部力量)借指导名义“合法”输入的机会。“村两委”选举涉及来自基层组织各方的参与者(场域内部和场域外部),而且“村两委”选举过程也是各方博弈最为明显、竞争最为激烈的政治过程。因此论文将基层组织选举嵌入到村民自治场域中的“村两委”选举中,各方博弈主体基于自身利益及乡土人情相互交织、相互耦合展开了一场看似静态实为动态的选举博弈。国内学者基于村民自治制度对传统农村社区“村两委”选举的研究可谓是盆满钵满。而“村两委”选举在党的十六届六中全会后出现了新的实践场域——新型农村社区场域,然而这一新场域又会受到传统农村社区乡土文化、制度惯性的规制。随着新型农村社区在全国的逐步推广,学界对新型农村社区的组织构建及其运行机制的研究却依然处于“窗口期”,特别是在新型农村社区基层组织构建不断显现出新问题及新发展动向的背景下,如何构建新型农村社区的基层组织成为亟需研究的课题。由此,为探寻新型农村社区基层组织的组织构建问题,论文将选举博弈嵌入到村民自治制度场域,以新型农村社区为例进行了分析。首先论文基于规范性研究构建了村民自治场域中权力博弈的理论框架;继而论文基于实证研究,廓清了基层组织选举博弈的场域及其主体;论文围绕村民自治场域中的“村两委”选举,论文的主体框架包括五部分内容:第一章主要介绍了论文的研究背景、研究的理论意义及实践意义,继而利用文献分析法对基层组织选举,尤其是“村两委”选举的国内外研究现状进行了详细梳理,继而阐述了论文的研究方法、研究思路及创新点。第二章论文基于博弈理论构建了村民自治场域中权力博弈的理论框架,其中囊括了博弈理论、精英理论、公共选择理论、制度的意识形态理论、交往互动理论。基于博弈理论、公共选择理论剖析了权力博弈中理性经济人博弈策略;借用诺斯的制度的意识形态理论深入分析了权力博弈策略选择的差异性及非理性经济人行动取向。第三章厘清了基层组织选举的场域和主体。首先对基层组织、基层组织选举的概念进行了界定,论文将基层组织选举的场域嵌入到村民自治场域,而村民自治场域中博弈最为明显激烈的是“村两委”选举,这也是多重权力主体博弈的“交锋处”。其次是对基层组织选举主体的划分:村民自治场域中的乡村精英、普通村民、村民自治场域外部力量——乡镇政府党委,其中乡村精英又可以分为:“体制内乡村精英”、“非体制内乡村精英”。第四章是基于新型农村社区这一全新的村民自治场域,以博弈论为分析框架,分别以X(一村一社区)、Y(多村一社区)、Z(两村一社区)为例,具体剖析了“村两委”选举时多重权力主体之间的博弈,主要体现在三个方面:乡村精英与普通村民之间的博弈、体制精英与非体制精英之间的博弈、乡镇党委政府与村两委之间的博弈,这其中又嵌入了宗族、姻亲等乡土因素之间的诸多博弈。第五章梳理了基层组织选举博弈中的问题及原因,可以总结为四个方面:一是农村集体经济的衰落以及基础设施落后,农村精英及年轻劳动力的流失,导致村民自治制度的空转;二是在政治文化上,我国农村历来缺乏自治传统,地域民特征明显;三是村民自治制度作为人造秩序,存在场域外部权力的输入问题;四是被激活的宗族宗派在选举中存在“多数暴政”现象。第六章主要是为完善基层组织选举提出的对策。基于新型农村社区“村两委”选举博弈的论述,以及选举博弈中出现的问题,主要从四个方面探寻基层组织选举的发展路径和实践途径。一是基于发展农村集体经济和建设农村基础设施,为基层组织选举构建良好的经济环境;二是基于交往行动理论,探索基层组织选举的新路径,提高村民对于选举合法性的认同;三是推进基层组织选举的制度化,以及村级财务人员的“中立”以及财务管理的规范化;四是积极引导社区自组织的发展,从而形成村民自治的自发秩序,使得村民自治制度运转起来。
[Abstract]:As an important institutional arrangement for grass-roots political participation, grass-roots organization elections provide legal channels for the orderly political participation of the grass-roots citizens in China, thus improving the legitimacy of the grass-roots political power. In the vast rural areas of China, grass-roots organizations include all kinds of organizations located in the town (Office) and village level, mainly refers to village organizations and villages. The "village two committees" as the end of the power of the grass-roots organizations in the rural areas plays a leading role in the practice of villagers' autonomy. In the practice of more than 30 years of villagers' autonomy, the state power has gradually withdrawn from the grass-roots society. However, because of the system, the social and historical factors of the "village and the two committees" are not in the villagers' autonomous field. At the same time, the "village two committees" election has given the opportunity of "legal" input in the name of the village and township governments (the external forces of the villagers autonomous field). The election of the "village two committees" involves the election of the villagers. The participants in the grass-roots organizations (both field and field), and the election process of the "village and the two committees" are also the most obvious and fiercely competitive political process of all parties. Therefore, the main body of the paper is embedded in the election of "village two committees" in the villagers' Autonomous field. The main body of the game is based on their own interests and native people. With mutual coupling and mutual coupling, a seemingly static and dynamic election game is launched. The domestic scholars based on the villagers' autonomy system to the traditional rural community "village and two committees" election is full. And the "village two committees" elected a new practical field after the party's the sixth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee - a new rural society. However, this new field will be regulated by the traditional rural community local culture and system inertia. With the gradual promotion of the new rural community in the country, the study on the organization and operation mechanism of the new rural community is still in a "window period", especially in the construction of the new rural community grassroots organizations. Under the background of new problems and new development trends, how to construct the grass-roots organizations of new rural communities has become an urgent task to be studied. In order to explore the organization construction of the new rural community grass-roots organizations, this paper embeds the election game into the field of villagers' autonomy system, and analyzes the new rural community as an example. Based on the normative research, the paper constructs the theoretical framework of the power game in the village autonomous field. Based on the empirical study, the paper clarifies the field and the main body of the election game of the grass-roots organizations. The main frame of the thesis includes five parts around the villagers' autonomous field. The main frame of the thesis includes the main part of the paper. The research background, the theoretical significance and the practical significance of the research, and then using the literature analysis method to the grass-roots organization election, especially the "village two committees" election at home and abroad in detail, and then elaborated the research methods, research ideas and innovation points. The second chapter of the paper based on the game theory to build the villagers' autonomous field The theoretical framework of power game in the domain includes game theory, elite theory, public choice theory, institutional ideology theory and communication interaction theory. Based on game theory and public choice theory, the rational economic man game strategy in power game is analyzed, and the power game is deeply analyzed by using the ideology theory of NOS's system. The third chapter clarifies the field and main body of the election of grass-roots organizations. Firstly, the concept of grass-roots organizations and grass-roots organizations is defined, and the field of grass-roots organization election is embedded into the autonomous field of villagers, while the most intense game in the village autonomous field is "the most intense game". The election of the two committees of the village is also the "intersection" of the game of multiple powers. Secondly, the division of the electoral subjects of the grass-roots organizations: the village elite, the ordinary villagers and the external forces of the villagers' autonomy in the villagers' autonomous field - the township government party committees, among which the rural elite can be divided into "the rural elite in the system" and "the non system". The fourth chapter is based on the new rural community, which is based on the new rural community, taking the game theory as the analysis frame, taking X (one village and one community), Y (multi village community), and Z (two village community) as an example. It analyzes the game between the multiple power subjects in the election of the "village two committees", which is mainly embodied in three aspects: the rural elite. Game between the ordinary villagers, the game between the institutional elite and the non institutional elite, the game between the township party committee government and the village two committees, which embeds many games between the clan and the marriage. The fifth chapter combs the questions and reasons in the election game of the grass-roots organizations, which can be summed up in four aspects: one is the countryside. The decline of the collective economy and the backwardness of infrastructure, the loss of the rural elite and the young labor force lead to the empty rotation of the villagers' autonomy system; two in the political culture, the rural areas in our country have always been lack of autonomy tradition, and the characteristics of the local people are obvious; the three is the villagers' autonomy system as an artificial rank order, the input problem of the external power of the field area; and the four is stimulated. The living clansmen sects have "most tyranny" phenomenon in the election. The sixth chapter is mainly to improve the basic organization election countermeasures. Based on the new rural community "village and two committees" election game theory, as well as the problems appearing in the election game, mainly from four aspects to explore the basic layer organization election development path and practical way. It is based on the development of the rural collective economy and the construction of rural infrastructure and the construction of a good economic environment for the election of grass-roots organizations; two, based on the theory of communication and action, to explore the new path for the election of grass-roots organizations and to improve the identity of the villagers for the legitimacy of the election; the three is to promote the institutionalization of the election of grass-roots organizations, as well as the "middle of the village financial personnel." As well as the standardization of financial management, the four is to actively guide the development of community self-organization, thus forming the spontaneous order of villagers' autonomy, making the system of villager autonomy run.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D422.6

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