个体网络借贷平台刑法规制问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-22 21:26

本文选题：个体网络借贷 + 刑法规制　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：互联网的普及,技术的进步以及货币数字化为经济发展注入了新活力。我国第一家个体网络借贷平台拍拍贷于2007年成立,这几年年借助"互联网+"概念的兴起以及国家的支持鼓励,我国个体网络借贷行业发展迅猛。但是无监管、无准入门槛、无行业规范等先天缺陷,使得网络借贷这一新金融模式在带给我国借贷市场活力与繁荣的同时,也蕴藏了巨大的风险。在这其中,刑事风险尤为突出,近些年来个体网络借贷平台涉嫌刑事犯罪案件逐渐增多即是最直观的体现。本文通过介绍当前我国个体网络借贷平台现状,分析其主要的业务模式以及可能产生的刑事风险,并在此基础上结合国外相关经验,对如何通过刑事手段规制个体网络借贷平台提出建议。本文主要分为四个部分:第一部分,介绍个体网络借贷的概况。首先分析个体网络借贷的概念,并指出相较于传统的民间借贷,个体网络借贷具有灵活高效、促进我国征信体系的完善、有效利用社会闲散资金实现普惠金融等价值。其次,对当前国外个体网络借贷平台的业务模式与监管方式进行了阐述。国外个体网络借贷平台业务模式目前日趋成熟,但各国的管理模式却不尽相同,存在着将个体网络借贷纳入证券法律体系或者银行法律体系进行监管等不同的治理策略。接着,介绍我国个体网络借贷行业的发展现状,虽然国家目前采取了一定的应对措施,但是我国个体网络借贷平台在运营中仍存在巨大的刑事风险。最后,对当前我国个体网络借贷平台四种主要业务模式进行了简要介绍,分别是信息中介型、自融型、担保型和债权转让型。第二部分,对当前个体网络借贷平台自融、担保和债权转让三种行为性质认定存在的争议进行梳理,并进行了简要分析。同时,归纳了目前在个体网络借贷平台司法实务当中存在的问题,即刑法的介入个体网络借贷平台多以结果为导向,并且刑法的打击面过广。第三部分,明确当前治理个体网络借贷平台应当采取的基本立场。个体网络借贷属于"互联网+金融"的产物,对于这种新兴的金融形式,不能因其目前存在一些问题而否定其价值。对个体网络借贷平台中于有利于实体经济和社会经济发展的行为,刑法不应介入,确有规制必要应采用行政监管的手段。刑事违法性和社会危害性是个体网络借贷平台的行为是否构成犯罪的判断标准。第四部分,笔者在结合前述观点和我国有关规定的基础上,对于个体网络借贷平台中自融行为、担保行为、债权转让行为的性质提出自己的观点。并对当前我国个体网络借贷平台的刑法规制提出完善建议:限制非法集资类罪名的适用,但是对个体网络借贷平台利用自身优势进行犯罪的行为在量刑上应考虑从重;对于债权转让等创新行为刑法的介入应该谨慎;完善个体网络借贷平台的监管体系,加强各部门之间的合作。
[Abstract]:The popularity of the Internet, technological progress and currency digitization have injected new vitality into economic development. PPDAI, the first individual online lending platform, was established in 2007. With the rise of the concept of "Internet" and the support of the state, the individual online lending industry in China has developed rapidly in recent years. But with no supervision, no entry threshold, no industry standard and other congenital defects, this new financial model of network lending brings vitality and prosperity to our lending market, but also contains huge risks. In which, the criminal risk is particularly prominent, in recent years, the individual online lending platform suspected of criminal cases is the most intuitive manifestation. This paper introduces the current situation of individual online lending platform in China, analyzes its main business model and possible criminal risks, and combines the relevant experience of foreign countries. Some suggestions on how to regulate the individual online lending platform by criminal means are put forward. This paper is mainly divided into four parts: the first part, introduces the overview of individual network lending. Firstly, this paper analyzes the concept of individual online lending, and points out that compared with traditional folk lending, individual network lending is flexible and efficient, promotes the perfection of credit information system in our country, and effectively uses social idle funds to realize the value of inclusive finance. Secondly, the business model and supervision mode of foreign individual online lending platform are expounded. At present, the business model of individual online lending platform is becoming more and more mature, but the management mode is different in different countries. There are different governance strategies such as bringing individual network lending into securities legal system or bank legal system to supervise. Then, it introduces the current situation of the development of the individual network lending industry in China. Although the country has taken some countermeasures at present, there are still huge criminal risks in the operation of the individual network lending platform in our country. Finally, this paper briefly introduces the four main business models of individual online lending platform in China, namely, information intermediary type, self-financing type, guarantee type and creditor's right transfer type. In the second part, the author makes a brief analysis of the disputes existing in the identification of the nature of individual online lending platform, guarantee and creditor's rights transfer. At the same time, it summarizes the existing problems in the judicial practice of the individual online lending platform, that is, the intervention of the criminal law in the individual network lending platform is mostly results-oriented, and the scope of the criminal law is too wide. The third part, clear the current governance of individual online lending platform should take the basic position. The individual network loan belongs to the product of "Internet finance", for this kind of new financial form, it can't deny its value because of some problems. The criminal law should not intervene in the behavior of individual network lending platform which is beneficial to the development of real economy and social economy, and it is necessary to adopt administrative supervision means to regulate it. Criminal illegality and social harmfulness are the criteria for judging whether the behavior of individual network lending platform constitutes a crime. In the fourth part, the author puts forward his own views on the nature of self-financing, guarantee and transfer of creditor's rights on the basis of the above views and the relevant provisions of our country. At the same time, the author puts forward some suggestions on the criminal law regulation of the individual network lending platform in our country: restricting the application of the illegal financing crimes, but the individual network lending platform should be considered more seriously in the sentencing of the criminal behavior of using its own advantages; We should be careful about the intervention of criminal law on the transfer of creditor's rights, perfect the supervision system of individual network lending platform, and strengthen the cooperation among different departments.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.3

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