收受型受贿罪中“为他人谋取利益”的再探讨

发布时间：2018-06-28 21:34

本文选题：受贿罪 + 为他人谋取利益　；参考：《武汉大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：根据我国刑法第385条的规定,国家工作人员利用职权非法收取他人财物的,需要满足"为他人谋取利益"这一额外条件才构成受贿罪。然而,很多学者以"谋利"规定影响实务认定"感情投资"等新型受贿犯罪为由主张删除该构成要件要素。"为他人谋取利益"的设置有历史性、现实需求性和规范合理性,其是衡量受贿罪法益是否被侵犯的重要标准。最高人民法院、最高人民检察院出台的《关于办理贪污贿赂刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》第13条对"为他人谋取利益"作出具体规定后,就应当在罪刑法定原则的前提下合理解释该条文,尽量减少司法实务中的认定障碍。"为他人谋取利益"的性质定位历来争议不断,理论界存在着客观构成要件要素说、主观构成要件要素说、主客观相统一说以及非构成要件要素说等不同观点。我国刑法中的受贿罪是不典型的目的犯,并且属于目的犯中的短缩的二行为犯,完备受贿罪构成要件需要公职人员主观上存在为他人谋取利益的目的。若以实施"为他人谋取利益"行为(目的行为)为目的而实施了收受他人财物的行为(实行行为),就以受贿罪既遂论处。结合新司法解释规定的具体内容,收受型受贿罪中的"为他人谋取利益"应定位为主观的超过要素,构成受贿罪只需要具备为他人谋取利益的意图即可,司法解释规定的承诺、实施、实现谋利以及事后受贿、"感情投资"行为都是这一主观意图的外在表现形式。在认定"感情投资"行为和事后受贿行为时,应严格限定司法解释规定适用的条件,以避免"为他人谋取利益"构成要件要素被实质消解。"感情投资"行为构成受贿罪应满足行、受贿双方具备上下级关系或者行政管理关系,收受、索取财产性利益3万元以上和"可能影响职权行使"等条件。同时,"感情投资"行为与人情往来的区分应结合职权和利益之间的关联程度,受财与职务行为的因果关系,馈赠财物价值大小等因素来综合判断。事后受贿行为在司法实践认定中应以职务行为与行贿人利益需求关系、谋利与受财之间的时间间隔等客观标准来判断国家工作人员是否存在出卖职权获取贿赂的期待。
[Abstract]:According to the provisions of the 385th article of the criminal law of China, the additional conditions for the illegal collection of other people's property by the state staff are required to satisfy the additional conditions of "seeking benefits for others". However, many scholars argue that the elements of the constitutive requirements are deleted as the cause of the new bribery crime, such as "emotional investment" in practice. " It is an important standard to measure whether the legal benefit of the crime of bribery is violated. The Supreme People's court and the Supreme People's Procuratorate have issued the interpretation of some questions about the application of the law on the handling of corruption and bribery in criminal cases, and thirteenth articles issued by the Supreme People's Procuratorate to "seek benefits for others". After the regulation, the provisions should be explained rationally on the premise of the principle of the legality of crime and punishment, so as to minimize the barriers in the judicial practice. The nature of "seeking benefits for others" has always been controversial. There are objective elements in the theoretical circle, the subjective and objective elements, the unity of subjective and objective elements, and the elements of non constitutive elements. The crime of accepting bribes in the criminal law of our country is an untypical crime of purpose, and it belongs to the short contraction of the two criminal in the target crime. The constitution of the crime of complete acceptance of bribes requires the objective of the public officials to seek benefits for others subjectively. In combination with the specific content of the new judicial interpretation, the behavior of the property of property (carrying out action) is based on the accomplishment of the crime of accepting bribes. The behavior of "emotional investment" is the external manifestation of this subjective intention. In identifying "emotional investment" and ex post bribery, the conditions of judicial interpretation should be strictly limited to avoid the essential elements of "seeking benefits for others". "Emotional investment" should be satisfied with the crime of accepting bribes. The bribe both parties have upper and lower relations or administrative management relations, receive, accept property interests more than 30 thousand yuan and "may affect the exercise of power". At the same time, the distinction between "emotional investment" and human relations should be based on the degree of connection between power and interest, the causation of wealth and duty behavior, and the value of property and so on. In the judicial practice, it should be judged by the objective criteria of the relationship between the job behavior and the needs of the bribe person and the time interval between the profit and the money.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D924.392

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