恩格斯晚年自然观研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 16:53

本文选题：恩格斯晚年 + 自然观　；参考：《西南大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：辩证唯物主义自然观是马克思主义哲学的一个重要构成部分,其基本思想在马克思和恩格斯创立马克思主义哲学之初就已经提出,但其系统化却是由恩格斯在19世纪70年代末初步完成。恩格斯晚年著作《自然辩证法》和《反杜林论》便是辩证唯物主义自然观初步系统确立的重要标志。学界在对恩格斯晚年自然观的研究中存在各种各样的阐释和解读,这些阐释和解读对于推进人们对马克思主义哲学的理解和传播发挥了极其重要的作用,但是其中也不乏一些误解和曲解。因此回到恩格斯晚年阐述自然观的文本,并结合马克思和恩格斯的分工,客观地分析其自然观,对于恩格斯晚年自然观展开深入研究并作出恰当评价,对于推进整个马克思主义哲学的理解和阐释都有着重大意义。本文主要从五个方面对恩格斯晚年自然观作出阐述和解析。第一章,明确恩格斯晚年对马克思主义自然观系统建构所要解决的主要问题。(1)需要进一步划清马克思主义自然观与旧唯物主义自然观的界线,包括古代朴素自然观和近代形而上学自然观;(2)需要对自然科学和哲学社会科学的新成果作出自然意义的总结和概括;(3)早期马克思和恩格斯未集中论述自然观,故需要对马克思主义自然观作出系统阐述。第二章,阐明恩格斯晚年建构自然观的具体方法。恩格斯晚年自然观的建构方法与马克思建构自然观的方法在本质上是一致的,但恩格斯作了更为具体的发挥,这些发挥主要可以概括为实践批判方法、辩证分析方法、整体性方法和历史分析方法。第三章,分析恩格斯晚年自然观的构成要素。恩格斯晚年自然观的构成要素主要包括:(1)劳动创造人类历史作为逻辑起点;(2)自然科学和现代工业作为思想中介;(3)实践基础上自然史与人类史的双向互动作为理论内核;(4)人、自然、社会的统一关系及其历史展开进程作为思维框架;(5)完善作为世界观的马克思主义哲学作为理论目标。第四章,挖掘和概括恩格斯晚年自然观的基本内容。恩格斯晚年自然观的基本内容主要是由对自在自然与人化自然的关系、自然与人及其活动的关系、自然与社会历史的关系、自然界与自然科学的关系的系统论述构成的。第五章,对恩格斯晚年自然观的贡献与不足作出恰当评价。恩格斯晚年自然观的主要贡献表现在:(1)突出和强调了辩证思维方式在自然观理解上的重要性;(2)深入揭示了自然界与人类社会相联系的辩证图景;(3)从唯物论和辩证法相统一的角度完善了马克思主义自然观。而其不足则主要表现为:(1)对自然观中某些观点的表述不够准确;(2)对马克思某些哲学思想的阐释过于简单化,这也是导致人们误解马克思主义自然观的重要原因之一。
[Abstract]:Dialectical materialism of nature is an important part of Marxist philosophy. Its basic thought was put forward at the beginning of Marx and Engels' creation of Marxist philosophy. But its systematization was initially completed by Engels in the late 1870s. Engels' works Dialectics of Nature and Anti-Durin Theory are the important symbols of the establishment of the initial system of dialectical materialism in the view of nature. There are a variety of interpretations and interpretations in the study of Engels' views on nature in his later years, which have played an extremely important role in promoting the understanding and dissemination of Marxist philosophy. But there are also some misunderstandings and misunderstandings. Therefore, returning to Engels' later years to expound the text of the view of nature, combining the division of labor between Marx and Engels, objectively analyzing his view of nature, making a thorough study of Engels' view of nature in his later years and making an appropriate evaluation. It is of great significance to promote the understanding and interpretation of Marxist philosophy. This paper mainly expounds and analyzes Engels' view of nature in his later years from five aspects. The first chapter clarifies the main problems that Engels should solve in his later years to construct Marxist view of nature. (1) it is necessary to draw a clear line between Marxist view of nature and old materialist view of nature. (2) it needs to summarize and generalize the new achievements of natural science and philosophy and social science, (3) early Marx and Engels did not concentrate on the view of nature. Therefore, it is necessary to make a systematic exposition of Marxist view of nature. The second chapter, expound Engels' concrete method of constructing the view of nature in his later years. The construction method of Engels' view of nature in his later years is consistent with that of Marx in essence, but Engels has made more concrete play, which can be summarized as practical critical method and dialectical analysis method. Holistic method and historical analysis method. The third chapter analyzes the elements of Engels' view of nature in his later years. The constituent elements of Engels' view of nature in his later years include: (1) labor creates human history as the logical starting point; (2) natural science and modern industry act as ideological intermediary; (3) the two-way interaction between natural history and human history on the basis of practice is the theoretical core; (4) human beings, Naturally, the unity of society and its historical development process are regarded as the frame of thinking; (5) the improvement of Marxist philosophy as the world outlook is the theoretical goal. The fourth chapter excavates and generalizes the basic content of Engels' view of nature in his later years. The basic content of Engels' view of nature in his later years is mainly composed of a systematic discussion of the relationship between nature and humanized nature, between nature and man and their activities, between nature and social history, and between nature and natural science. In the fifth chapter, the contribution and deficiency of Engels' view of nature in his later years are properly evaluated. The main contributions of Engels' view of nature in his later years are as follows: (1) highlighting and emphasizing the importance of dialectical thinking mode in understanding the concept of nature; (2) revealing the dialectical picture of the relationship between nature and human society in depth; (3) from materialism and dialectical view. The unity of law has perfected the Marxist view of nature. The main shortcomings are as follows: (1) the expression of some viewpoints in the view of nature is not accurate enough; (2) the interpretation of some philosophical ideas of Marx is too simplistic, which is one of the important reasons leading to the misunderstanding of Marxist view of nature.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81

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