互联网第三方支付监管法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-06 07:56

本文选题：互联网第三方支付 + 客户备付金　；参考：《安徽财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随互联网金融高速发展,互联网第三方支付应运而生。凭借着独立性、开放性、经济性、快捷性等优势,互联网第三方支付在我国金融经济的地位不断增强。然而,由于我国对其法律监管起步较迟,信用风险、沉淀资金管理风险、金融犯罪风险等各种风险日益显现。央行相继发布多项监管举措,加强对互联网第三方支付市场秩序的约束。2015年《非银行支付机构网络支付业务管理办法》的出台,突出强调了对网络风险的防范与消费者合法权益的保障。但其并未对消费者信息安全保护进行具体规定,互联网的固有特性仍给消费者信息安全带来较大风险。而之后央行出台的一系列政策对客户备付金制度进行了细化,虽然一定程度上有利于防范备付金挪用风险,但其规避了备付金利息归属问题,尚未解决备付金利用率低等问题,互联网第三方支付机构仍缺乏良性发展空间。因此,法律层级低下、监管力度较弱的立法现状以及相关机制缺失等问题,对互联网第三方支付市场稳健发展产生约束,显示出我国互联网第三方支付法制建设任务艰巨。对美国、欧盟立法监管体制进行对比分析,并吸取美国鼓励创新、适度放松的理念,对消费者安全进行着重保护,完善支付机构信息披露制度。对客户备付金问题进行特殊问题特殊分析,顺应支付市场的创新形式,逐步完善备付金管理制度。借鉴欧盟统一法律理念,提高立法层级,树立立法理念,改进立法模式,进而建立一个系统完备的互联网第三方支付立法体系。结合全面性与重点性,并依据第三方支付行业发展趋势,来针对性完善立法体系,是当前法律监管制度构建的关键;在明确法律定位、经营范围的基础之上,完善沉淀资金管理制度,对客户备付金利息所有权归属加以确切规定,并针对客户备付金账户予以透明化,力求全面监督,以防范备付金风险。扩展创新沉淀资金的利用渠道,鼓励支付机构自主创新,从而优化资源配置,并推出实时监控系统,保证备付金信息透明公开制度得到全面落实。重视消费者权益保障,构建网络申诉机制,维护消费者合法权益,完善支付机构真实信息披露制度,并对客户个人信息保密制度进行系统规范,加强第三方支付机构赔偿责任及举证责任,建立专门保护性机构,以维护消费者合法权益。建立统一的互联网金融犯罪法律监管制度,开设反洗钱专用账户,有针对性的重视并解决金融犯罪问题。明确市场准入机制,适当降低准入门槛,建立科学的市场退出机制,并在央行监管领导下,为互联网第三方支付机构建立业务动态监管中心,并构建一个多方位机构监管机制。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Internet finance, third-party payment of Internet emerged as the times require. With the advantages of independence, openness, economy and rapidity, the status of internet third-party payment in China's financial economy is increasing. However, due to the late start of legal supervision in our country, credit risk, precipitate fund management risk, financial crime risk and other risks are emerging day by day. The central bank has successively issued a number of regulatory measures to strengthen the restrictions on the order of the Internet third-party payment market. In 2015, the "measures for the Management of Network payment Services of Non-Bank payment institutions" was promulgated. It highlights the prevention of network risks and the protection of consumers' legitimate rights and interests. However, it does not specifically regulate the protection of consumer information security, and the inherent characteristics of the Internet still bring greater risks to consumer information security. After that, a series of policies issued by the central bank refined the customer reserve system. Although to a certain extent it was conducive to preventing the risk of embezzlement of reserve funds, it evaded the problem of the attribution of interest on reserve payments, and the low utilization rate of reserves has not yet been resolved. Internet third-party payment organization still lacks benign development space. Therefore, the low level of law, weak supervision of the legislative status quo and lack of relevant mechanisms, such as the Internet third-party payment market constraints on the steady development, showing that China's Internet third-party payment legal construction task is arduous. This paper makes a comparative analysis of the legislative and regulatory systems of the United States and the European Union, and draws on the idea of encouraging innovation and relaxing moderately in the United States, focuses on the protection of consumer safety, and consummates the information disclosure system of payment institutions. The special problem of customer's reserve is analyzed, and the management system of reserve is improved step by step according to the innovative form of payment market. By using the unified legal idea of EU, raising the legislative level, setting up the legislative idea and improving the legislative model, a systematic and complete legislation system of third-party payment on the Internet will be established. Combining comprehensiveness and emphasis, and according to the development trend of the third party payment industry, it is the key to construct the current legal supervision system to perfect the legislative system, and on the basis of defining the legal position and the scope of operation, The management system of precipitated funds should be perfected, the ownership of interest on customer reserve should be stipulated exactly, and the account should be transparent, and the supervision should be made in an all-round way to guard against the risk of reserve. We should expand the channels of utilization of innovative and precipitated funds, encourage independent innovation of payment institutions, optimize the allocation of resources, and launch a real-time monitoring system to ensure that the transparent and open system of payment information is fully implemented. Attach importance to the protection of consumers' rights and interests, construct a network appeal mechanism, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of consumers, perfect the system of true information disclosure by payment agencies, and systematically standardize the system of confidentiality of personal information of customers. To strengthen the liability and burden of proof of third-party payment institutions and establish special protective agencies to protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. To establish a unified legal supervision system of Internet financial crime, to set up a special account against money laundering, and to pay attention to and solve the problem of financial crime. The mechanism of market access should be made clear, the threshold of entry should be lowered, a scientific mechanism of market withdrawal should be established, and under the supervision of the central bank, the center of business dynamic supervision should be set up for the third party payment agencies of the Internet, and a multi-directional supervision mechanism should be established.
【学位授予单位】：安徽财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.28

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