我国地方立法批准制度探究

发布时间：2018-07-07 17:39

本文选题：立法批准 + 地方性法规　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：设区的市、自治州人大及其常委会制定的地方性法规和自治州、自治县、自治旗人大制定的自治条例、单行条例都必须报请省、自治区人大常委会批准后才可以生效实施。在我国长期以来的地方立法实践中,省级人大常委会依照相关规定批准了大量的地方性法规。作为一种重要的地方立法监督制度,地方立法批准制度在预防法律体系内部冲突、保障地方立法质量、预防重复立法等方面发挥着不可替代的作用。尽管如此,由于我国现行地方立法批准制度涉及到批准主体的资格和能力、审查批准的标准、限度等相关的具体问题。例如,按照2000年《立法法》的规定,较大的市制定的地方性法规和自治州、自治县制定的自治条例和单行条例必须报经省一级人大常委会批准。不少人就认为,正因为立法批准制度的存在,限制了较大的市和自治州、自治县的地方立法权,使得它们跟经济特区所在地的市相比而只享有“半个立法权”,而省一级人大常委会对经国务院批准的较大的市和自治州、自治县制定的相关法规的审查批准,客观上也存在一些“自身立法工作任务过重”、“对地情民意实际情况了解不够”等实际问题,以至于人们亦对该制度本身的正当性、合理性、可行性和有效性等方面存有一定的质疑。值得特别关注的是,2015年全国人大对《立法法》进行修正,将地方立法权进一步“下移”,设区的市和自治州获得了地方性法规制定权。在立法权下放的实际操作中,省级人大常委会放权节奏失控,短周期内地方立法主体数量激增,地方立法格局由此发生巨变。反观我国现行的立法批准制度,其固有的沉疴尚未根治,变化中的地方立法格局又带来了一些新的问题。在今天这样一个全新的地方立法格局冲击下,该制度又将何去何从?相关问题亟待深入探究。为此,有必要回顾我国地方立法批准制度的由来与历史沿革,厘清立法批准的性质和特点,研究我国立法批准制度的实际运行状况,检讨其中存在的突出问题,反思相关问题的制度成因,分别从确定专门的审查批准机构、构建统一的立法批准程序、规定统一的批准审查处理结果、明确报请批准事项的理由说明内容、提升报请批准法规的质量五方面提出完善立法批准制度的建议,以期逐步完善我国现行立法批准制度。
[Abstract]:Municipalities divided into districts, autonomous prefectures and their standing committees, and autonomous prefectures, autonomous counties, autonomous flag people's congresses, and separate regulations must be submitted to the provinces for approval before they can come into effect. In the practice of local legislation for a long time, the standing Committee of Provincial people's Congress has approved a large number of local laws and regulations in accordance with relevant regulations. As an important local legislation supervision system, the local legislation approval system plays an irreplaceable role in preventing the internal conflict of the legal system, ensuring the quality of the local legislation and preventing the repeated legislation. Nevertheless, the current local legislative approval system in China involves the qualification and ability of the approving subject, the standards and limits of the examination and approval, and so on. For example, in accordance with the provisions of the 2000 legislation Law, local laws and regulations formulated by larger cities and autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties and separate regulations must be submitted to the standing Committee of the Provincial people's Congress for approval. Many people think that because of the existence of the legislative approval system, the local legislative power of larger cities, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties is restricted, making them enjoy only "half legislative power" compared with the cities where the special economic zones are located. And the examination and approval by the standing Committee of the Provincial people's Congress of the relevant laws and regulations formulated by larger cities, autonomous prefectures and autonomous counties that have been approved by the State Council also objectively have some "excessive legislative tasks of their own." Such practical problems as "lack of understanding of the actual situation of local public opinion" and so on, even people also have certain doubts about the legitimacy, rationality, feasibility and effectiveness of the system itself. What deserves special attention is that in 2015, the National people's Congress amended the "Legislative Law", further "moving down" the local legislative power, and the municipalities and autonomous prefectures that have been divided into districts have been given the power to formulate local laws and regulations. In the actual operation of the decentralization of legislative power, the pace of decentralization of the standing Committee of the Provincial people's Congress is out of control, and the number of local legislative subjects increases sharply in a short period, and the pattern of local legislation changes greatly. In contrast, the existing legislation approval system of our country has not been cured, and the changing local legislation pattern has brought some new problems. Under the impact of such a new local legislative pattern today, where will the system go? The related problems need to be explored in depth. Therefore, it is necessary to review the origin and historical evolution of the local legislative approval system in China, clarify the nature and characteristics of the legislative approval system, study the actual operation of the legislative approval system in China, and review the outstanding problems existing therein. Reflecting on the institutional causes of the relevant problems, respectively, from determining the special examination and approval agencies, constructing a unified legislative approval procedure, stipulating the unified approval examination and processing results, specifying the reasons for reporting the approval items and explaining the contents, In order to improve the current legislation approval system in China, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to improve the quality of the law.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D927

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