消费者公益诉讼赔偿金制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 16:02

本文选题：消费者 + 公益诉讼　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着经济的飞速发展,生产和消费的规模不断扩大,消费在人们生活中的地位发生了巨大的变化。人们从过去的对生活基本品的消费扩大到了如今的对高档品甚至是奢侈品的消费。自然而然,消费也成为了拉动经济增长的有力因素。不过,消费增加繁荣经济的同时也带了负面影响,消费者群体性侵权事件频繁发生。建立消费者公益诉讼制度成为了时代的选择,我国为建立消费者公益诉讼制度也进行了不懈的尝试,新《民事诉讼法》、新《消费者权益保护法》中的相关规定以及消费者公益诉讼相关司法解释都体现出国家为维护消费者权益,为其创造良好的消费环境之坚定决心。然而,目前有关消费者公益诉讼赔偿金的规定在消费者公益诉讼体系中仍处于空白状态,为更有效的发挥消费者公益诉讼功能,有必要将消费者公益诉讼赔偿金制度纳入其中。对消费者公益诉讼赔偿金进行研究,是完善消费者公益诉讼制度的必然要求,也是维护消费者合法权益的应然选择。消费者公益诉讼赔偿金制度是指在消费者权益受到侵害或者受到侵害之虞的情况下,法律赋予一定主体赔偿请求权,请求法院判决责任主体承担赔偿责任的一套制度。美国、巴西、日本等国家都建立了自己的消费者公益诉讼赔偿金制度。美国消费者公益诉讼赔偿金制度中有关赔偿金计算以及剩余赔偿金处理的相关规定较为详细;巴西消费者公益诉讼赔偿金制度中关于“二阶段式”审理模式的规定有利于赔偿金的确定和分配,并为许多国家所借鉴;日本消费者公益诉讼赔偿金制度中对提起赔偿请求的权利主体和赔偿金适用的范围作出了限制,具有一定的可借鉴性。我国消费者公益诉讼赔偿金制度的构建可从以下几方面考虑:首先确立维护公益原则、兼顾私益原则、多方主体参与原则为赔偿金制度的基本原则;第二,赔偿金的适用范围确定为金钱给付型消费者侵权类型案件;第三,在提出赔偿金的请求权主体方面,应明确检察机关、中国消费者协会及在省、自治区、直辖市设立的消费者协会享有赔偿金请求权;第四,赔偿金的内容应涵盖补偿性赔偿金与惩罚性赔偿金两种类型;第五,赔偿金的计算与分配可以借鉴“二阶段式”审理,在第二阶段专门进行赔偿金的计算和分配;最后,在赔偿金管理与监督问题上,在分配阶段可由消费者协会管理赔偿金,分配之后的剩余赔偿金则支付给中国保护消费者基金会,由其将赔偿金用于消费者保护等公益事业,并建立严格的管理监督制度,确保赔偿金的“阳光透明”。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy, the scale of production and consumption is expanding, and the status of consumption in people's life has changed greatly. People from the past to the basic necessities of life to expand the consumption of luxury goods and even luxury goods. Naturally, consumption has also become the driving force of economic growth. However, consumption increases the prosperity of the economy, but also with negative impact, consumer group infringement incidents occur frequently. The establishment of consumer public interest litigation system has become the choice of the times, and our country has also made an unremitting attempt to establish consumer public interest litigation system. The new Civil procedure Law, the relevant provisions of the New Consumer Rights and interests Protection Law and the judicial interpretation of consumer public interest litigation all reflect the firm determination of the state to safeguard the rights and interests of consumers and create a good consumption environment for them. However, the current provisions on consumer public interest litigation compensation in the consumer public interest litigation system is still blank, in order to play a more effective role in consumer public interest litigation, it is necessary to include consumer public interest litigation compensation system. To study the compensation of consumer public interest litigation is the inevitable requirement of consummating consumer public interest litigation system, and it is also the necessary choice to safeguard consumers' legitimate rights and interests. The compensation system of consumer public interest litigation refers to a set of systems in which the law assigns certain subjects the right to claim compensation and requests the court to decide the subject of liability for compensation in the event that consumers' rights and interests are infringed or infringed upon. The United States, Brazil, Japan and other countries have established their own consumer public interest litigation compensation system. The American consumer public interest litigation compensation system about the compensation calculation and the residual compensation processing related provisions are more detailed; The provisions of "two-stage" trial model in the compensation system of Brazilian consumer public interest litigation are beneficial to the determination and distribution of compensation, and have been used for reference by many countries. Japanese consumer public interest litigation compensation system limits the subject of right and the scope of application of compensation, which can be used for reference. The construction of the compensation system of consumer public interest litigation in China can be considered from the following aspects: firstly, establishing the principle of safeguarding the public good, taking account of the principle of private interests, and the principle of multi-party participation as the basic principle of the compensation system; second, The scope of application of compensation is defined as the type of infringement cases of consumers who pay money. Thirdly, in the subject of claim for compensation, the procuratorial organs, the Chinese consumers Association and the provinces and autonomous regions should be clearly defined. Consumer associations set up by municipalities directly under the Central Government have the right to claim compensation; fourth, the content of compensation should cover two types of compensatory damages and punitive damages; fifthly, the calculation and distribution of compensation can be conducted in a "two-stage" trial. The second phase is devoted to the calculation and distribution of compensation; finally, in the case of compensation management and supervision, consumer associations may administer compensation during the distribution phase. The remaining compensation after distribution will be paid to the China Consumer Protection Fund, which will use the compensation for consumer protection and other public welfare undertakings, and establish a strict management and supervision system to ensure the "sunshine transparency" of the compensation.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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