商标使用的认定研究

发布时间：2018-07-26 12:54

【摘要】：随着我国创新驱动战略的实施,包括商标权在内的知识产权的价值与作用愈来愈得到彰显,知识产权对于各个国家乃至各个行业的重要性显而易见。而商标权正是知识产权中的重要的一部分。商标的价值也正不断的得到各个国家、各个行业的重视。商标是一种符号,但是并不是所有的符号都可以天然的称之为商标,符号只有经过使用,使其与商品产生一一对应的联系才可以称之为商标法意义上的商标,正所谓“商标的生命在于使用”,只有经过使用,商标的标识商品或者服务来源的基本功能才可以得以实现。商标使用的认定具有重要的意义和作用,首先,商标的确权方面,从本质上来说商标权来自于商标使用,只是出于政策和效率的考虑当今大多数国家采取注册取得制;其次,商标的撤销和维持方面,现在大多数国家采取多年不使用商标可以被申请撤销的法律规定,这就使得商标使用对于商标是被撤销或者维持产生了决定性意义;最后,商标的保护范围和侵权判定方面,商标使用在一定程度上决定了商标的保护范围大小和保护力度的强弱,并且在很大程度上决定着商标是否构成侵权的判定。商标使用的认定对于商标法来说具有重要的意义和价值,对于商标使用认定的研究也越来越多。然而,在我国的立法、行政执法乃至司法实践中,对于商标使用的认定却还是缺乏明确而清晰的判断标准,以至于经常在相似的案件中得出了不同的结论,严重影响了法律的公正性,损害了司法的权威性。本文拟结合国内商标使用的认定现状及不足,借鉴域外法关于商标使用认定的先进理论及实践操作,在总结归纳的基础上,提出比较明确而清晰的关于商标使用的认定标准。本文首先通过案例的形式,引出了商标使用认定的相关问题,介绍了商标的本质与功能,商标使用的含义与类型及商标使用认定的意义;然后从立法、司法文件及司法实践等各个方面对我国国内商标使用的认定规定进行了相应的考察,并分析了我国商标使用认定现行规定的不足;其次,本文对域外如美国、欧盟及日本等发达国家或者地区的商标使用认定的标准进行了考察及借鉴;最后,本文在通过搜集众多案例,查阅大量文献的基础上,学习和借鉴域外发达国家或者地区关于商标使用的认定标准,结合我国的国情,提出了自己的相对比较清晰而明确的商标使用的认定原则及标准,即商标使用是指具有真实使用意图的商标使用者,为区分商品或者服务的来源,在商业行销活动中,自主而持续地公开使用商标的行为。认定商标使用时要坚持能够实现区分商品或者服务来源这一基本功能及其其他衍生功能、利益平衡、明确商业使用目的、坚持具有细微差别但不改变商标显著特征的使用亦为商标使用的四个原则。在具体认定是否构成商标使用时可以从商标使用的主体,是否具有真实的使用意图,是否是在商业活动中公开、持续使用,是否能够区分商品或者服务来源,使用的“商标”有没有改变组合形式等几个方面进行综合判定。
[Abstract]:With the implementation of China's innovation driven strategy, the value and role of intellectual property, including trademark rights, is becoming more and more evident. The importance of intellectual property to various countries and industries is obvious. And trademark right is an important part of intellectual property. The trademark is a symbol, but not all the symbols can be called the trademark naturally. The symbol can be called the trademark in the meaning of the trademark law only after the use of the symbol. It is called "the life of the trademark is in use", and only the trademark is used to mark the commodity. Or the basic functions of the source of service can be realized. The identification of the use of a trademark has an important meaning and role. First, the trademark right is in essence from the use of a trademark, only by taking into account the policy and efficiency of the majority of the countries of today's registered acquisition system; secondly, the revocation and maintenance of the trademark. Now, most countries take the legal provisions that can be revoked for many years without the use of a trademark, which makes the use of a trademark decisive for the revocation or maintenance of a trademark. Finally, the scope of the protection of the trademark and the determination of the infringement, to a certain extent, the use of the trademark determines the scope and protection of the protection of the trademark. The strength of the strength, and to a large extent determines whether the trademark constitutes a judgment of infringement. The identification of trademark use is of great significance and value to the trademark law, and more and more research on the identification of trademark use. However, in our country's legislation, administrative law enforcement is in judicial practice, and the identification of trademark use is still It is lack of clear and clear judgment standard so that it often draws different conclusions in similar cases, which seriously affects the justice of the law and damages the authority of the judiciary. This article is to combine the status and shortcomings of the identification of the use of domestic trademarks, and draw lessons from the advanced theory and Practice of the application of foreign law on the identification of commercial standards. On the basis of concluding, it puts forward a clear and clear standard for the identification of the use of trademarks. First, this article, through the form of case, leads to the related problems of trademark use identification, introduces the essence and function of the trademark, the meaning and type of trademark use and the meaning of trademark use, and then from the legislation, judicial documents and judicial facts. This paper makes a corresponding investigation on the identification of the use of the domestic trademark in China and analyzes the shortcomings of the current regulations of the use of the trademark in our country. Secondly, this article examines and draws lessons from the standards for the identification of trademarks in developed countries or regions, such as the United States, the European Union and Japan. On the basis of a large number of cases and referring to a large number of documents, learning and drawing on the identification standards for the use of trademarks in developed countries or regions outside the country, and combining with the national conditions of our country, we put forward a relatively clear and clear identification principle and standard for the use of trademarks, namely, trademark use is a trademark user with a real intention of use. In order to distinguish the source of goods or services, in the business marketing activities, the act of using the trademark freely and continuously. The basic function and other derivative functions of the product or service source should be maintained when the trademark is used. The balance of interests, the clear use of the business use, the insistence on the subtle difference but not the change. The use of marked characteristics of a trademark is also the four principle of the use of a trademark. Whether it is possible to use the subject of a trademark when the trademark is used or not, whether it has the true intention of use, whether it is open in business activities, and whether it can be used continuously, whether it can distinguish the commodity or service source, and whether the "trademark" used is changed. A comprehensive decision is made in several aspects, such as form and form.
【学位授予单位】：兰州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D923.43

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