马克思需要理论及其在当代中国的运用与发展
发布时间：2018-08-02 13:37
【摘要】：马克思人的发展理论的最终目标和最高价值理想是人的自由全面发展。而人的自由全面发展必然表现为其需要的全面性和丰富性。马克思在各个时期都很关注资本主义制度下的无产阶级的需要发展和满足问题。立足于马克思的经典文本,结合当代中国发展的实际,深入发掘和系统梳理马克思的需要理论,对全面准确理解马克思主义理论,更好地贯彻以人民为中心的发展思想具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。论文正文包括以下三部分内容:第一章从当时的社会现实和理论背景出发,深入剖析了马克思需要理论的形成和发展过程。在担任《莱茵报》编辑期间,马克思接触到了物质需要和物质利益问题,开始探索人的需要问题。德法年鉴时期,马克思提出"彻底的革命只能是彻底需要的革命",此时物质需要概念已被提出。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思提出了许多需要概念,还对需要的形式有了初步的划分,指出了资本主义制度下人的需要异化问题,表明马克思需要理论已初步提出。在《神圣家族》中,马克思始终坚持唯物主义,奠定了需要理论的唯物主义基础。在《德意志意识形态》中,在唯物史观的基础上,马克思提出了需要层次理论,还对人的需要和人的本质的关系进行了深入的探讨,表明马克思需要理论已基本形成。在《1857-1858年经济学手稿》中,马克思提出了社会需要等概念,阐述了需要和社会生产四个环节之间的关系,提出了"需要体系"思想,.丰富和完善了需要理论。第二章详细阐述了马克思需要理论的主要内容及其在唯物史观中的地位。马克思需要理论的主要内容包括需要的本质与特征、层次与形式、异化与扬弃、发展与满足四个方面。在马克思看来,需要是人的本质力量的表征,是人的生存发展状态,是社会发展状况的一种体现,具有全面丰富性、主观能动性、社会历史性;人的需要包括自然需要和社会需要、个人需要和群体需要、物质需要和精神需要等不同形式,划分为生存需要、享受需要和发展需要等三个不同层次;人的需要应自由全面的发展,但资本主义制度下,人的需要出现了需要的单一化和需要的两极化等异化状况,只有消灭分工和私有制,才能消除需要的异化。马克思需要理论在唯物史观中具有重要地位,它进一步深化了社会生产理论的内涵、揭示了社会发展动力的主体维度、提供了人类解放的价值导向。第三章主要阐述了马克思需要理论在当代中国的运用和发展。在当代中国,一些人过度追求物质享受、精神生活低俗化、庸俗化,人与自然的关系紧张,供给与需求不协调,出现了片面发展之困。为引导人的需要合理发展,促进人的全面发展,党中央坚持以马克思需要理论为指导,做出了加强物质文明和精神文明协调发展的战略决策,统筹推进"五位一体"的总体布局,贯彻落实绿色发展理念、推进生态文明建设,发力供给侧结构性改革、协调生产和需要之间的关系。所有这些举措,旨在更好地满足人民群众的需要、促进人的全面发展,同时也深化了马克思需要理论的时代内涵。
[Abstract]:The ultimate goal and the highest value ideal of Marx's development theory are human's free and comprehensive development. The all-round development of man's free and comprehensive development is bound to be comprehensive and rich in its needs. Marx pays close attention to the development and satisfaction of the proletariat under the capitalist system at all times. Based on the classic of Marx The text, combining with the reality of the development of contemporary China, deeply excavates and systematically combs the theory of Marx's needs, which is of great theoretical and practical significance to the comprehensive and accurate understanding of Marx theory and the better implementation of the people centered development thought. The text includes the following three parts: the first chapter from the present society On the basis of the actual and theoretical background, the formation and development process of Marx's need theory is deeply dissecting. During the period of the editing of the Rhine newspaper, Marx touched on the matter of material needs and material interests and began to explore the needs of human beings. In the period of the de France Yearbook, Marx proposed that "the revolution at the bottom of the bottom can only be a completely needed revolution". The concept of need has been put forward. In the <1844 economic and Philosophical Manuscript, Marx put forward many necessary concepts and had a preliminary division of the forms needed, pointing out the need for alienation of human beings under the capitalist system, indicating that Marx needs the theory to put forward preliminarily. In the holy family, Marx always adhered to materialism and laid a foundation for it. In the "German Ideology", on the basis of the materialist conception of history, Marx put forward the theory of hierarchy of needs, and further discussed the relationship between human needs and human nature. It shows that Marx needs theory to be basically formed. In <1857-1858 economics manuscript, Marx proposed Social needs and other concepts, expounds the relationship between the needs and the four links of social production, puts forward the "need system" thought, and enriches and perfects the need theory. The second chapter expounds the main content of Marx's need theory and its position in the materialist conception of history. The main content of Marx's needs includes the essential and special needs of the theory. In Marx's view, in Marx's view, the need is the characterization of the essential strength of human beings, the state of human existence and development, a manifestation of the social development situation, full of richness, subjective initiative and social historicity, and human needs including natural needs and social needs and personal needs. The needs of the group, material needs and spiritual needs are divided into three different levels, such as the needs of survival, the need for the needs and the needs of development, and the need for human beings to develop freely and comprehensively, but under the capitalist system, the needs of the human needs are unitary and the need for polarization, such as the dissimilation of the needs, and the elimination of the division of labor and private ownership, In order to eliminate the alienation of needs, Marx needs theory to play an important role in historical materialism, which further deepens the connotation of social production theory, reveals the main dimension of the motive force of social development, and provides the value orientation of human liberation. The third chapter mainly expounds the application and development of Marx's need theory in contemporary China. In contemporary China, some people are excessively pursuing material enjoyment, the spiritual life is vulgarization, vulgarization, and the relationship between human and nature is tense, the supply and demand are incompatible, and there is a one-sided development. In order to guide the human needs to develop rationally and promote the all-round development of people, the party Central Committee insists on the guidance of the theory of Marx needs, and has made the strengthening of material civilization and the strengthening of material civilization. The strategic decisions of the coordinated development of spiritual civilization, the overall layout of the "five in one", the implementation of the concept of green development, the promotion of the construction of ecological civilization, the supply of side structural reform and the coordination of the relations between production and needs, all of which aim to better meet the needs of the people and promote the overall development of the people. It also deepened the time connotation of Marx's need for theory.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81
本文编号：2159604
[Abstract]:The ultimate goal and the highest value ideal of Marx's development theory are human's free and comprehensive development. The all-round development of man's free and comprehensive development is bound to be comprehensive and rich in its needs. Marx pays close attention to the development and satisfaction of the proletariat under the capitalist system at all times. Based on the classic of Marx The text, combining with the reality of the development of contemporary China, deeply excavates and systematically combs the theory of Marx's needs, which is of great theoretical and practical significance to the comprehensive and accurate understanding of Marx theory and the better implementation of the people centered development thought. The text includes the following three parts: the first chapter from the present society On the basis of the actual and theoretical background, the formation and development process of Marx's need theory is deeply dissecting. During the period of the editing of the Rhine newspaper, Marx touched on the matter of material needs and material interests and began to explore the needs of human beings. In the period of the de France Yearbook, Marx proposed that "the revolution at the bottom of the bottom can only be a completely needed revolution". The concept of need has been put forward. In the <1844 economic and Philosophical Manuscript, Marx put forward many necessary concepts and had a preliminary division of the forms needed, pointing out the need for alienation of human beings under the capitalist system, indicating that Marx needs the theory to put forward preliminarily. In the holy family, Marx always adhered to materialism and laid a foundation for it. In the "German Ideology", on the basis of the materialist conception of history, Marx put forward the theory of hierarchy of needs, and further discussed the relationship between human needs and human nature. It shows that Marx needs theory to be basically formed. In <1857-1858 economics manuscript, Marx proposed Social needs and other concepts, expounds the relationship between the needs and the four links of social production, puts forward the "need system" thought, and enriches and perfects the need theory. The second chapter expounds the main content of Marx's need theory and its position in the materialist conception of history. The main content of Marx's needs includes the essential and special needs of the theory. In Marx's view, in Marx's view, the need is the characterization of the essential strength of human beings, the state of human existence and development, a manifestation of the social development situation, full of richness, subjective initiative and social historicity, and human needs including natural needs and social needs and personal needs. The needs of the group, material needs and spiritual needs are divided into three different levels, such as the needs of survival, the need for the needs and the needs of development, and the need for human beings to develop freely and comprehensively, but under the capitalist system, the needs of the human needs are unitary and the need for polarization, such as the dissimilation of the needs, and the elimination of the division of labor and private ownership, In order to eliminate the alienation of needs, Marx needs theory to play an important role in historical materialism, which further deepens the connotation of social production theory, reveals the main dimension of the motive force of social development, and provides the value orientation of human liberation. The third chapter mainly expounds the application and development of Marx's need theory in contemporary China. In contemporary China, some people are excessively pursuing material enjoyment, the spiritual life is vulgarization, vulgarization, and the relationship between human and nature is tense, the supply and demand are incompatible, and there is a one-sided development. In order to guide the human needs to develop rationally and promote the all-round development of people, the party Central Committee insists on the guidance of the theory of Marx needs, and has made the strengthening of material civilization and the strengthening of material civilization. The strategic decisions of the coordinated development of spiritual civilization, the overall layout of the "five in one", the implementation of the concept of green development, the promotion of the construction of ecological civilization, the supply of side structural reform and the coordination of the relations between production and needs, all of which aim to better meet the needs of the people and promote the overall development of the people. It also deepened the time connotation of Marx's need for theory.
【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A81
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1 杨丹娜;论“三个代表”重要思想对马克思主义唯物史观的科学运用与发展[J];探求;2004年01期
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