中国古代民间借贷利率研究

发布时间：2018-11-20 08:41

【摘要】：民间借贷是中国古代一项重要的经济活动,涉及农民、商人、地主、官僚、士人、王公贵族乃至皇室等社会各个阶层,在中国古代社会生产、生活中扮演着举足轻重的角色。中国古代统治者很早就采用设定法定利率的方法来规制民间借贷利率,限制高利贷活动,然而,实际社会生活中的借贷活动并未严格遵守法定利率。中国古代民间借贷本质上表现为民间性和非官方性。借贷者包含了除现代企业组织在外的自然人和机构,涉及了社会各个阶层。放贷者多为具有经济财富、政治地位等优势的社会群体。以借贷标的为标准,同时兼顾借贷主体和保证方式,中国古代民间借贷可以分为货币借贷、质押借贷和谷物借贷三类。中国古代民间借贷因朝代更替和时代演化,不同朝代的法定利率和实际利率具有不同的表象和特征。但是,纵观中国古代民间借贷利率的演化,利率的演化仍具有一定的规律和特征,即:存在法定利率与实际利率的二元结构格局;高利贷屡禁不止,法律调控失灵;整体利率水平下降并趋于平稳。中国古代民间借贷利率演化特征包括多方面成因。中国古代占主导地位的小农经济,以及中央集权的封建体制导致的贫富分化,从根本上产生了民间借贷以及高利贷。此外,富人贪利盘剥,官员漠视法禁,官方放纵,以及政府金融体系不能满足民间需求,都是民间借贷高利贷的作用力。中国古代虽有法定利率,限制违律取息,但在中国封建礼法文化下,法律只是维护礼的工具、刑罚的补充和说明,不能对民间借贷形成有效的规制。当然,还要看到,随着商品货币经济的发展,政府契约和利率规制方式的转变,在专业借贷机构利率竞争的影响下,中国古代民间借贷利率呈下降的趋势。针对当代民间借贷存在的问题,鉴于中国古代民间借贷利率演化,我们仍需要坚持法律的手段和方法,丰富民间借贷法律规制体系,科学完善民间融资渠道。
[Abstract]:Folk loan is an important economic activity in ancient China, involving peasants, merchants, landlords, bureaucrats, scholars, princes and nobles, and even royalty and other social strata, which plays an important role in the production and life of ancient Chinese society. The ancient Chinese rulers used the method of setting legal interest rate to regulate the private lending rate and restrict usury. However, the actual social lending activities did not strictly abide by the legal interest rate. The essence of folk lending in ancient China is folk and unofficial. Borrowers include natural persons and institutions other than modern business organizations, involving all levels of society. Lenders are mostly social groups with economic wealth, political status and other advantages. According to the criterion of borrowing and borrowing subject and the way of guarantee the folk loan in ancient China can be divided into three categories: currency loan pledge loan and grain loan. Due to the change of the dynasties and the evolution of the times, the legal interest rate and the actual interest rate of different dynasties have different appearance and characteristics in ancient China. However, the evolution of interest rate in ancient China still has some laws and characteristics, that is, there is a dual structure of legal interest rate and real interest rate, usury does not stop, and the regulation of law fails. Overall interest rates fell and levelled off. The evolution characteristics of private lending interest rate in ancient China include many reasons. The differentiation between the rich and the poor caused by the dominant small-scale peasant economy in ancient China and the centralization of the feudal system gave rise to folk loans and usury. In addition, the rich are corrupt, officials ignore the law, official indulgence, and the government financial system can not meet the needs of the private sector, are private loan usury force. Although there were legal interest rates in ancient China, but in the feudal culture of etiquette in China, the law was only a tool for maintaining rites, and the supplement and explanation of punishment could not effectively regulate folk borrowing. Of course, along with the development of commodity monetary economy, the change of government contract and interest rate regulation, under the influence of interest rate competition of specialized lending institution, the interest rate of folk loan in ancient China showed a downward trend. In view of the problems existing in contemporary folk lending, in view of the evolution of interest rates in ancient China, we still need to adhere to the means and methods of law, enrich the legal regulation system of folk lending, and scientifically perfect the channels of folk financing.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D929

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