论恩格斯《反杜林论》中的平等观

发布时间：2018-11-20 06:38

【摘要】：进入二十一世纪,人们在享受经济和科技的飞速发展带来益处的同时,越来越多的社会问题随之凸显出来,而平等问题,作为人类社会永恒的话题,在历史发展的长河中,人类从未停止过对平等问题的关注。《反杜林论》中蕴含的深刻的平等思想在整个人类平等思想体系中占有重要位置,结合当前社会所凸显的种种不平等现状及由此产生的种种社会问题,对《反杜林论》中的平等思想进行追溯和研究显得尤为重要和必要。本文立足唯物史观的基本观点和方法,以实现人类社会的平等为目标,在区分了核心概念和追溯《反杜林论》中的平等观提出的历史背景和理论渊源的基础上,较系统地剖析了《反杜林论》中恩格斯对杜林平等观的批判,恩格斯从方法论上批判了杜林脱离现实研究平等问题的的方法论;从思想方面,批判杜林“两个人的意志完全平等”的思想、把人分成有人性的人和有兽性的人的思想以及暴力是不平等的起源的思想。并从以下四个方面分别阐述了《反杜林论》中恩格斯提出的平等观的内涵,恩格斯阐述了现代社会的平等是现代社会一切成员之间从政治、经济、文化等多层面来谈的政治地位的平等和社会地位的平等;阐述了经济基础对平等观念的决定作用;阐述了平等观念是随着人类历史形态的变化而变化的运动着的历史范畴,并最终指出了消灭阶级是解决平等问题的根本途径。《反杜林论》中的平等观在当代社会发展中的理论价值和现实意义主要启示是:首先,发展了马克思主义理论,丰富了人类平等思想体系的内涵;其次,为处在社会转型时期的我国社会平等问题的解决提供了理论的指导;再次,为构建社会主义和谐社会指明了道路;最后,推动了社会主义核心价值观的发展。
[Abstract]:In the 21 century, when people enjoy the benefits brought by the rapid development of economy and science and technology, more and more social problems come out, and the issue of equality, as an eternal topic of human society, is in the course of historical development. Human beings have never stopped paying attention to the issue of equality. The profound thought of equality contained in the Anti-During Theory plays an important role in the whole system of human equality thought. It is very important and necessary to trace and study the equality thought in the Anti-During Theory combining with the current inequality and various social problems. Based on the basic viewpoints and methods of historical materialism, this paper aims to realize the equality of human society, and on the basis of distinguishing the core concept and the historical background and theoretical origin of the concept of equality in the Anti-During Theory, This paper systematically analyzes Engels' criticism of Durin's view of equality in Anti-Turing Theory. Engels criticizes During's methodology of studying equality from reality in terms of methodology. From the aspect of thought, the author criticizes the thought that the will of two people is completely equal, divides people into human beings and beasts, and that violence is the origin of inequality. And from the following four aspects, respectively elaborated the connotation of the equality concept put forward by Engels in the Anti-During Theory. Engels explained that equality in modern society is between all members of modern society from politics and economy. The equality of political status and social status; It expounds the decisive effect of economic base on the concept of equality. This paper expounds that the concept of equality is a moving historical category which changes with the change of the historical form of mankind. Finally, it points out that the elimination of class is the fundamental way to solve the problem of equality. The theoretical value and practical significance of the concept of equality in the development of contemporary society are as follows: firstly, the Marxist theory has been developed. Enriched the connotation of human equality thought system; Secondly, it provides theoretical guidance for solving the problem of social equality in the period of social transformation; thirdly, points out the way for building a harmonious socialist society; finally, promotes the development of socialist core values.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：A811

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