柏拉图与亚里士多德的政治哲学思想比较

发布时间：2018-12-14 05:03

【摘要】：古希腊的文化、思想、哲学在人类历史长河中留下了永不磨灭的成果。在这一时期,古希腊哲学也得到了不少的发展,从古至今一直给后人留下了特别珍贵的财富,同时在哲学史上涌现了很多著名的哲学家,这些哲学家提出了很多深渊的哲学思想而这些思想又凝聚成了古希腊哲学观念。柏拉图和亚里士多德就是其中的两位哲学家,他二人的哲学思想到现在还是后人一直值得学习和借鉴的。"希腊三贤"就是指的柏拉图、亚里士多德与苏格拉底,而柏拉图、亚里士多德巨大又缜密的哲学思想体系中,政治哲学毫无疑问是其哲学中最出彩的一部分,不单单是探索古希腊时期的城邦政治最直白、最有条理的史书记载,更主要的是他们的政治哲学思想为我们现在的文化历程给予了深厚远大的理论参考,他们提出的一些问题至今还是我们反思的焦点。笔者了解到,柏拉图对哲学的热爱如同他对国家的热爱一样,在他一生中一直试图将哲学的观点和政治思想相结合,他最大的期望是哲学家可以是政治家,政治家也同样可以是哲学家。同样亚里士多德作为柏拉图的学生在继承柏拉图哲学思想上也提出了不同的哲学理念,但都对当时社会以及今后政治哲学的发展、走向和延伸起到了直接影响,以至于到了今时今日,后人在面对时代危机时还是必须要回过头来查找资料,看他们二位的政治哲学思想的精粹,不得不说,柏拉图与亚里士多德的政治哲学思想一直都是我们后人在学习、生活和工作中值得参考的。他们二人的政治哲学思想是完全不同的,柏拉图信封神秘莫测的绝对理念,国家成因是绝对的分工,由哲学王实行人治建立"贤人政治",反对民主建立等级分明的理想国,实行共产共妻共子女原则,而亚里士多德推崇中庸之道,国家成因是"自然的生成",由中产阶级实行法治建立"共和政体",提倡法治建立松散自由的优良政体,保留家庭和实行私有制的原则。在本文中,笔者试图对二者的政治哲学思想进行初步梳理和分析,然后就其主要的政治哲学思想加以比较,从而进一步的阐述二者的政治哲学思想对近现代西方政治哲学的影响。本文共分为五个章节。第一章简要说明本论文的选题的研究目的和意义、研究现状及论文编排的结构。第二章分别介绍柏拉图与亚里士多德的生平和两位的政治哲学思想主要内容。第三章分别从五大方面比较二者的政治哲学思想。第四章内容是二者的政治哲学思想对近现代西方政治哲学的影响。第五章梳理和汇总研究结论。
[Abstract]:The culture, thought and philosophy of ancient Greece have left everlasting achievements in the long history of mankind. In this period, the ancient Greek philosophy also got a lot of development, from ancient times to now has left the future generations a particularly precious wealth, at the same time in the history of philosophy has emerged many famous philosophers, These philosophers put forward a lot of abyss of philosophy, and these ideas condensed into ancient Greek philosophy. Plato and Aristotle are two of the philosophers whose philosophical ideas are still worth learning and learning from later generations. " The "three sages of Greece" refers to Plato, Aristotle and Socrates, and Plato and Aristotle's vast and meticulous philosophical system, political philosophy is undoubtedly the most outstanding part of his philosophy. It is not only to explore the polis politics of ancient Greece, but also to find the most frank and organized historical records. What is more, their political philosophy has given us a profound theoretical reference for our present cultural course. Some of their questions are still the focus of our reflection. The author has learned that Plato's love of philosophy is as much as his love of the country. Throughout his life he has tried to combine philosophical views with political ideas. His greatest expectation is that philosophers can be politicians. Politicians can also be philosophers. Aristotle, as a student of Plato, also put forward different philosophic ideas in inheriting Plato's philosophy, but all of them had a direct influence on the development, trend and extension of political philosophy at that time and in the future. So much so that today, in the face of the crisis of the times, future generations still have to look back and look at the quintessence of their political philosophy, and they have to say, Plato and Aristotle's political philosophy have always been worthy of reference in our study, life and work. Their political philosophy thought is completely different, Plato envelope mysterious absolute concept, the cause of the country is the absolute division of labor, by the philosophy of the implementation of the rule of man to establish "sage politics", opposed to democracy and the establishment of a hierarchical idealism, Implementing the principle of communist marriage and common children, while Aristotle advocated the doctrine of the mean, the cause of the state was "the formation of nature", the middle class carried out the rule of law to establish the "republic", and advocated the rule of law to establish the loose and free good government. The principle of preserving the family and exercising private ownership. In this paper, the author tries to carve out and analyze their political philosophy thoughts, and then compares their main political philosophy thoughts. Thus further elaborated the two political philosophy thought to the modern western political philosophy influence. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter briefly explains the purpose and significance of this thesis, the research status and the structure of the thesis arrangement. The second chapter introduces Plato and Aristotle's life and political philosophy. The third chapter compares their political philosophy thoughts from five aspects. The fourth chapter is the influence of their political philosophy on modern western political philosophy. The fifth chapter combs and summarizes the research conclusion.
【学位授予单位】：延边大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D0

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