河源市突发公共事件应急管理研究

发布时间：2018-12-14 22:06

【摘要】：我国现阶段正是经济变革,社会转型的攻克期,各种问题和矛盾也接踵而至,如社会矛盾,人与自然的共处问题,突发公共事件的发生等等。突发公共事件的深层诱因是社会多重不和谐因素共同的作用,突发公共事件的大量发生是社会各领域不和谐的表征。城市是人口、文化、经济等现代文明资源的集散地,其功能的正常运作与否,直接作用于社会秩序的安定和有序。位于广东珠三角地区的河源市随着城市的不断发展,物质财富不断增加,城市人口密度也越来越高,这使得突发性公共事件也越发复杂化。目前,河源市战略管理中有待解决的重要任务是城市应急管理工作的加强,应急处理能力的提升,最大程度地降低突发性事件的不良影响,提供可持续性发展的稳定环境。本文立足于河源市现阶段的公共安全问题,在系统分析河源市现阶段面对的各种突发公共事件的发展情况及趋势的基础上,从危机的四个生命周期——预防阶段、准备阶段、反应阶段、恢复阶段四个阶段探讨河源市突发公共事件应急管理的现状以及存在的问题。在参照国内外在相关方面案例的基础上,提出完善河源市突发公共事件应急管理的政策建议。研究发现,当前河源市的应急管理体制已经初具形态,该体制以领导统筹、综合协作、层级分工、属地有责为主要内容。应急管理工作已取得一定的成绩,但仍存在一些不足:预防阶段方面,存在应急管理社会力量薄弱、应急资源不足且整合程度不高的问题;准备阶段方面,存在缺乏整合与协调机制、不完善的应急预案体系等问题;反应阶段方面,存在缺乏设置独立的部门处理突发公共事件、缺乏信息公开机制和处理机制的问题;恢复阶段方面,存在社会参与机制缺位、恢复重建缺乏整体规划的问题。针对这些问题,本文认为可从以下几个方面对河源市的应急管理工作进行改善:在预防阶段,要加强专业救援队伍的建设,深入开展应急科普宣传教育工作和加强应急资源的管理;在准备阶段,要建立高效的预警机制来防止突发事件的产生,完善应急预案体系,设置应急管理协调机制来应对突发事件;在反应阶段,要完善城市应急联动机制,同时塑造良好的政府形象也非常重要;在恢复阶段,要发动非政府组织的参与,相关政府部门则要统筹规划、有条不紊地开展重建。
[Abstract]:The present stage of our country is the period of economic change and social transformation, and all kinds of problems and contradictions also follow, such as the social contradiction, the coexistence of man and nature, the occurrence of unexpected public events and so on. The deep inducement of public emergencies is the common function of many social disharmony factors, and the mass occurrence of sudden public events is the symbol of disharmony in various fields of society. City is the distribution center of modern civilized resources such as population, culture and economy. The normal operation of its function directly affects the stability and order of social order. With the development of the city, Heyuan City in the Pearl River Delta area of Guangdong Province has been increasing its material wealth and population density, which makes the sudden public events more complicated. At present, the important task to be solved in the strategic management of Heyuan city is to strengthen the urban emergency management, to improve the ability of emergency management, to minimize the adverse effects of sudden events, and to provide a stable environment for sustainable development. Based on the public safety problems in Heyuan City at present, this paper systematically analyzes the development and trend of various unexpected public events in Heyuan City at this stage, from the four life cycles of crisis, the prevention phase, the preparation stage. The present situation and existing problems of emergency management of public emergencies in Heyuan City are discussed in the four stages of response and recovery. Based on the relevant cases at home and abroad, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions on how to improve the emergency management of public emergencies in Heyuan City. It is found that the emergency management system of Heyuan City has already taken shape. The main content of this system is leadership coordination, comprehensive cooperation, hierarchical division of labor and territorial responsibility. The work of emergency management has made some achievements, but there are still some shortcomings: in the prevention stage, the social strength of emergency management is weak, the emergency resources are insufficient and the degree of integration is not high; In the preparation stage, there are some problems such as the lack of integration and coordination mechanism, the imperfect emergency plan system, the lack of setting up independent departments to deal with public emergencies, the lack of information disclosure mechanism and the problem of handling mechanism. In the stage of recovery, there are some problems such as the absence of social participation mechanism and the lack of overall planning for restoration and reconstruction. In view of these problems, this paper thinks that the emergency management of Heyuan City can be improved from the following aspects: in the prevention stage, the construction of professional rescue teams should be strengthened. Carrying out the propaganda and education work of popularizing science in emergency and strengthening the management of emergency resources; In the preparation stage, we should establish an efficient early warning mechanism to prevent the emergence of emergencies, improve the emergency plan system, and set up emergency management coordination mechanism to deal with emergencies; In the response stage, it is also very important to perfect the linkage mechanism of urban emergency response and to create a good government image. In the recovery stage, non-governmental organizations should be involved, and the relevant government departments should plan as a whole and carry out reconstruction methodically.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D63

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