行政合同相对人违约纠纷的解决途径

发布时间：2019-07-01 14:48

【摘要】：行政合同是顺应现代行政管理民主化、灵活化的趋势而产生的一种创新的行政治理手段。行政合同纠纷的大量发生是行政合同在行政管理实务中广泛应用必然会带来的一个无法忽视的问题。平衡公益与私益,顺畅地解决行政合同纠纷成为当务之急。2014年新修改的《行政诉讼法》将行政主体违约的行政合同纠纷纳入了行政诉讼的受案范围,但并未解决相对人违约产生的纠纷如何解决的问题,其他相关法律规范也没有做出明确的规定。因此本文以相对人违约的行政合同纠纷的解决途径为核心,试着在现有的法律框架下寻找解决相对人违约的行政合同纠纷的最佳途径。本文分为四部分。第一部分是对我国相对人违约的行政合同纠纷解决途径的现状分析。首先,要找到相对人违约的行政合同纠纷的解决途径,必须厘清行政合同的概念以及特点,这是展开本研究的基础。通过对2015年最高法《行政诉讼法》解释中的行政协议概念的限缩解释,本文界定了行政合同的概念,行政合同是行政主体为实现行政管理目标,在法定职责范围内,和行政相对人以协商一致的方式,设立、变更或消灭行政法上权利义务关系的合同。而行政合同作为一种特殊的合同,其特点是兼具行政性与合意性。其次,根据行政合同的概念和特点,把目前我国立法中分散的行政合同识别出来,进而梳理相关法律规范中关于相对人违约解决途径的规定,发现我国现行法律并未规定明确、可行的解决途径。最后通过相关案例的分析,认识到司法实践中解决途径的混乱状况。通过第一部分对现状的分析,得出对相对人违约的行政合同纠纷的解决途径问题进行探讨的必要性和紧迫性。第二部分是对于我国的三种救济途径的批驳。分别就民事诉讼救济途径说、行政诉讼救济途径说以及申请强制执行说进行了阐释和评析,认识到这三种解决途径的不妥之处。第三部分是行政处理先行的解决途径的证成,这部分是本文的重点。首先,介绍域外的相对人违约的行政合同纠纷的解决途径,分别分析了英国、法国、德国的相关规定及其可借鉴性。然后,重点证成行政处理先行的解决途径的可行性。目前有部分法官和少数学者支持这种观点,其最大优势在于契合现有法律框架,既可以保证相对人违约纠纷适用行政法律规范加以解决,又免于对《行政诉讼法》“伤筋动骨”的修改;既可以维护公共利益不受损害,又能够充分保障相对人的合法权益。第四部分是行政处理现行制度的具体展开,是本文的核心。首先,探讨行政处理先行的几种方式并探寻其法律依据;其次,讨论正当程序原则在行政处理先行的解决方式中的适用性问题,本文认为,虽则有特殊性,但行政合同毕竟是一种合同。相对人违约的行政合同纠纷的解决过程中适用正当程序原则,会加重行政主体一方的程序负担。虽然不适用正当程序原则,但行政主体可以通过自由裁量决定是否使用协商、调解程序。再次,探讨比例原则在行政处理先行的解决方式中的适用性问题,本文认为,应当适用比例原则,以防止行政主体滥用职权,损害相对人的合法权益。最后,梳理申请人民法院强制执行的程序。总的来说,本文认为,实践中客观存在的相对人违约的行政合同纠纷的最佳解决途径就是行政处理先行的解决途径。行政合同既是一种新的行政管理手段,又是一种特殊的合同,在解决相对人违约的行政合同纠纷的过程中,既要把握好行政合同的行政性又要把握好其合意性,只有这样才能在现行的法律框架内平衡公益与私益的关系,发挥行政合同制度最大的价值。
[Abstract]:The administrative contract is an innovative administrative control method which is based on the trend of the democratization and the spiritual activation of the modern administration. The large number of administrative contract disputes is an inevitable problem that the administrative contract is widely used in the practice of administrative management. It is an urgent task to balance the public interest and private benefit and to smoothly resolve the administrative contract dispute. The new amendment to the Administrative Procedure Law in 2014 has included the administrative contract dispute of the default of the administrative subject in the scope of the case of the administrative litigation, but the problem of how the dispute arising from the default of the relative person is solved is not solved. Other relevant legal norms have not made clear provisions. Therefore, in this paper, the author tries to find the best way to solve the administrative contract dispute of the relative person's default under the existing legal framework. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part is the analysis of the present situation of the dispute resolution of the administrative contract for the relative default of our country. First, it is necessary to clear the concept and characteristics of the administrative contract, which is the basis of the research. By the limitation of the concept of the administrative agreement in the interpretation of the Supreme Law of the People's Republic of China in 2015, this paper defines the concept of the administrative contract, and the administrative contract is the objective of the administrative subject to realize the administrative management. A contract to change or eliminate the relationship between rights and obligations in administrative law. The administrative contract, as a special contract, is characterized by administrative and desirability. Secondly, according to the concept and characteristics of the administrative contract, the current administrative contract which is dispersed in our country's legislation is identified, and then the regulations of the relevant laws and regulations on the way to solve the problem of the relative person's default are sorted out, and it is found that the current law in our country does not provide a clear and feasible solution. Finally, through the analysis of the relevant cases, it is realized that the chaos of the solution in the judicial practice is realized. Through the analysis of the present situation in the first part, the necessity and urgency of the solution to the problem of the settlement of the administrative contract dispute with respect to the default of the person are obtained. The second part is the refutation of three kinds of relief way in our country. On the basis of the way of the relief of the civil action, the way of the remedy of the administrative litigation and the application of the enforcement of the application have been explained and analyzed, and it is realized that the three solutions are not appropriate. The third part is the proof of the solution of administrative processing, this part is the focus of this paper. First of all, the paper introduces the solution of the administrative contract dispute over the territory of the relative person, and analyzes the relevant regulations of the UK, France and Germany and its reference. Then, the paper points out the feasibility of the solution to the administrative process. At present, some judges and a few scholars support this view, and the best advantage is to fit the existing legal framework, so as to ensure that the relative person's default dispute is to be solved by the administrative law standard, and is exempt from the modification of the "injured bone" of the Administrative Procedure Law. Not only can the public interest be maintained, but also the legitimate rights and interests of the relative people can be fully guaranteed. The fourth part is the concrete expansion of the current system of administrative processing, which is the core of this paper. First of all, the paper discusses several ways of administrative processing and explores its legal basis; secondly, the applicability of the principle of due process in the way of administrative processing is discussed, and in this paper, it is considered that the administrative contract is a kind of contract after all. The application of the principle of due process in the settlement process of the administrative contract dispute with respect to the default of the person will increase the procedural burden of the administrative subject. While the principle of due process is not applied, the administrative subject can decide whether to use a consultation or a conciliation procedure through a discretionary decision. Thirdly, the applicability of the proportional principle in the way of the solution of the administrative process is discussed, and the principle of proportionality should be applied in order to prevent the administrative subject from abusing the power and to damage the legitimate rights and interests of the relative. And finally, combing the procedures for enforcement by the people's court. In general, the author thinks that the best way to solve the administrative contract dispute that exists objectively in practice is the solution of the administrative process. The administrative contract is not only a new administrative management means, but also a special contract. In the process of resolving the administrative contract dispute with respect to the person's default, the administrative contract should not only grasp the administrative nature of the administrative contract but also grasp its desirability, Only in this way can the relationship between the public interest and the private interest be balanced within the existing legal framework, and the maximum value of the administrative contract system can be played.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.3

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