伊朗民族主义思潮研究

发布时间：2017-12-27 22:37

  本文关键词：伊朗民族主义思潮研究　出处：《西北大学》2016年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

  更多相关文章： 伊朗 民族主义 王权民族主义 伊斯兰民族主义 自由民族主义

【摘要】：民族主义思潮是伊朗近现代历史上非常重要的政治思潮。从文明交往自觉的历史观念出发,以伊朗民族主义思潮的演变历程为认知路径,可以洞察伊朗历史表象背后的本质性内容和规律性特征。伊朗民族主义思潮是伊朗文明与外部文明以及伊朗文明内部诸要素交往互动和交往自觉的产物。围绕不同的时代主题,伊朗民族主义思潮经历了民族觉醒、民族独立、民族自强和民族重塑四个发展阶段。19世纪后半期以来,面对内忧外患,伊朗的进步知识分子开始思考应对困境的方案,伊朗的民族意识逐渐觉醒。西化知识分子主张向西方学习,推行社会改革,形成了现代主义改革思想。宗教知识分子主张通过复兴伊斯兰教,实现民族复兴,形成了伊斯兰复兴思想。前者的代表人物是马尔库姆汗,后者的代表人物是阿富汗尼。立宪革命结束之后,对国家独立和社会稳定的渴求成为伊朗人最重要的政治诉求,王权民族主义逐渐成为占据主导地位的政治思潮,代表人物是礼萨汗。在礼萨汗的引领下,伊朗建立了巴列维王朝,进行了民族国家构建和现代化改革。然而,第二次世界大战期间盟军的军事占领,使这一过程暂时中断。二战结束,盟军撤离之后,全面推动现代化,实现民族自强成为伊朗的时代主题。在争论与竞争之中,自由民族族主义和王权民族主义思潮相继成为占据主导地位的政治思潮,前者的代表人物是摩萨台,后者的代表人物是巴列维国王。20世纪70年代,反思外来模式的弊端,重塑民族精神,选择适合本国国情的发展道路成为伊朗的时代主题。伊斯兰民族主义思潮随之兴起,为伊朗提供了一条伊斯兰式的民族复兴之路,其代表人物是霍梅尼。在伊朗民族主义思潮的演变过程中存在三个基本变量：伊朗(波斯)性、伊斯兰性和现代性。三者的不同分化组合形成了三类主要的民族主义思潮：王权民族主义、伊斯兰民族主义和自由民族主义。伊朗(波斯)性以伊朗的传统历史文化为核心,构想出一个伟大的祖国和强大的民族,以图唤醒伊朗的民族意识,激励伊朗人为实现民族独立和强大而奋斗,与之对应的是王权民族主义思潮。伊斯兰性强调从伊斯兰教中寻找发展的动力,通过宗教复兴实现民族复兴,反对西方化和世俗化,主张回归伊斯兰传统,以伊斯兰的方式应对各种挑战,与之对应的是伊斯兰民族主义思潮。现代性主张引进西方的自由民主思想,推行西方式的现代化改革,使国家获得新生,民族获得复兴,与之对应的是自由民族主义思潮。伊朗(波斯)性、伊斯兰性和现代性既矛盾冲突,又和谐统一。近代以来的伊朗历史表明,每当处于良性互动状态时,伊朗就会焕发出的活力；一旦三者处于恶性互动状态时,国家就会陷入困境。伊斯兰革命之后,伊斯兰性的过度张扬在很大程度上使三者趋于恶性互动状态。因此,寻找三者的交融点,使它们保持良性互动是未来伊朗民族主义者努力的方向。
[Abstract]:The nationalist trend of thought is a very important political trend of thought in the modern history of Iran. Starting from the historical concept of civilized interaction and taking the evolution process of nationalism in Iran as a cognitive path, we can see the essential content and regularity characteristics behind Iran's historical presentation. The trend of nationalism in Iran is the product of the interaction and consciousness of the intercourse and communication between Iran civilization and the external civilization, as well as the elements of Iran civilization. Around the different themes of the times, the trend of nationalism in Iran has experienced four stages of development, namely, National Awakening, national independence, national self-improvement and national remolding. Since the second half of nineteenth Century, in the face of domestic trouble and foreign invasion progress of Iran intellectuals began to think, a response to the plight of the program, Iran's national consciousness is gradually awakening. Westernized intellectuals advocated learning from the west, carrying out social reform and forming a modernist reform thought. The Religious Intellectuals advocated the revival of the nation through the revival of Islam and the formation of the thought of the Islamic revival. The representative of the former is Mar Kum Khan, and the representative of the latter is Afghanistan Nepal. After the Constitutional Revolution ended, the thirst for national independence and social stability became the most important political appeals of the Iran people. Wang Quan nationalism has gradually become the dominant political trend of thought, and the representative is rashan. Under the guidance of rites and Khan, the Pahlavi Dynasty was established in Iran, and the construction of national state and the reform of modernization were carried out. However, the military occupation of the Allied forces during the second world war interrupted the process for the time being. After the end of World War II, after the withdrawal of the Allied forces, the modernization was fully promoted and the national self strengthening became the theme of the times of Iran. In the debate and competition, ethnic nationalism and royalty free nationalism have become the dominant political trend, the representative of the former is Mohammed, a representative of the latter is king Pahlavi. In 1970s, it was the theme of the times of Iran to rethink the drawbacks of the foreign model, remould the national spirit and choose the development road suitable for its own national conditions. With the rise of Islamic Nationalism, it provided an Islamic road to the national revival of Iran, whose representative was Khomeini. There are three basic variables in the evolution of the trend of nationalism in Iran: Iran (Persia), Islam and modernity. The different combinations of the three forms the main three kinds of Nationalism: the nationalism of the royal power, the Islamic Nationalism and the free nationalism. Iran (Persian), based on the traditional history and culture of Iran, conceived a great motherland and powerful nation in order to awaken Iran's national consciousness and encourage Iran to strive for national independence and strength. Islamism emphasizes the power to seek development from Islam, achieves national rejuvenation through religious revival, and oppose westernization and secularization. It advocates returning to Islamic tradition and dealing with all kinds of challenges in Islamic way, which corresponds to the trend of Islamic Nationalism. Modernity advocates the introduction of Western liberal democracy and the implementation of the western modernization reform, so that the nation can be reborn and the nation can be revived, which corresponds to the trend of liberal nationalism. The nature of Iran (Persia), Islam and modernity is conflicting and harmonious. The history of Iran since modern times shows that whenever Iran is in a benign interaction state, the vitality of Iran will be renewed. Once the three are in a vicious interaction state, the state will be in trouble. After the Islamic revolution, the excessive publicity of Islam to a large extent made the three tend to be in a state of malignant interaction. Therefore, it is the direction of the future Iran nationalists to find the blending points of the three parties so that they can maintain a good interaction.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D092
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本文编号：1343512